Abstract
The formation of ice particles in Earth’s atmosphere strongly influences the dynamics and optical properties of clouds and their impacts on the climate system. Ice formation in clouds is often triggered heterogeneously by ice nucleating particles (INPs) that represent a very low number of particles in the atmosphere. To date, many sources of INPs, such as mineral and soil dust, have been investigated and identified in the lower latitudes. Although less is known about the sources of ice nucleation at higher latitudes, efforts have been made to identify the sources of INPs in the Arctic and boreal environments. In this study, we investigate the INP emission potential from high latitude boreal forests. We introduce the HyICE-2018 measurement campaign conducted in the boreal forest of Hyytiälä, Finland between February and June 2018. The campaign utilized the infrastructure of the SMEAR II research station with additional instrumentation for measuring INPs to quantify the concentrations and sources of INPs in the boreal environment. In this contribution, we describe the measurement infrastructure and operating procedures during HyICE-2018 and we report results from specific time periods where INP instruments were run in parallel for inter-comparison purposes. Our results show that the suite of instruments deployed during HyICE-2018 reports consistent results and therefore lays the foundation for forthcoming results to be considered holistically. In addition, we compare the INP concentration we measured to INP parameterizations, and we show a very good agreement with the Tobo et al. (2013) parameterization developed from measurements conducted in a ponderosa pine forest ecosystem in Colorado, USA.
Highlights
Atmospheric aerosols are recognized to play an important role in nearly every aspect of the physics and chemistry of the 10 atmosphere (Solomon et al, 2007; Boucher et al, 2013)
INSEKT Morning INSEKT Afternoon DeMott 2010. In this measurement report we introduced the HyICE-2018 campaign conducted at the Station for Measuring EcosystemAtmosphere Relations (SMEAR) II research station in the boreal forest of Hyytiälä, Finland
The direct comparison of the ice nucleating particles (INPs) concentrations obtained from both techniques shows a good agreement, and the results illustrate the importance of longer sampling durations and longer temporal overlap to improve agreement
Summary
Atmospheric aerosols are recognized to play an important role in nearly every aspect of the physics and chemistry of the 10 atmosphere (Solomon et al, 2007; Boucher et al, 2013). The interactions between aerosols and clouds and how these interactions influence Earth’s surface energy budget and water cycle represent significant knowledge gaps in climate science. Measurements in boreal forests are largely underrepresented and little is known concerning the INP sources and properties from this environment. The boreal forest environment is generally far from large dust sources and strong anthropogenic emissions, which motivates the investigation of biogenic ice nucleation activity in this environment. INPs from mid to high latitude sources may have a disproportionate effect on climate through their influence on shallow clouds (Murray et al, 2021), emphasizing the need to know more about INP sources in these regions, including in boreal forests. The intensive field campaign, called HyICE-2018, began in February and extended until June, with longer term INP monitoring efforts continuing for more than one year beyond the intensive measurement period (Schneider et al, 2021)
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