Abstract
Field spectroscopy has undergone a remarkable growth over the past two decades in terms of use and application to different scientific disciplines. This work presents an important step forward to improve the interoperability for the spectral library interchange in the field spectroscopy scientific community, by establishing an XML-based metadata system using published International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) specifications. The proposed methodology is structured using three different XML files: each spectral library file acquired during a field campaign is accompanied by an XML file encoded according to the ISO 19156 standard, which carries the information related to the material or surface measured and the sampling procedure applied; the spectral libraries acquired on the same date share an XML file encoded according to the ISO 19115 standard, to represent dataset-level metadata; finally, all of the spectral libraries for the entire field campaign are referenced to an XML file encoded according to the Sensor Model Language (SensorML) specification, for information related to the field spectrometer characteristics and status. This structure ensures that the ISO 19156 files are not very large and avoids the repetition of many common metadata elements required to describe the dataset and sensor description.
Highlights
The exploration and monitoring capacity of remote sensing to study the Earth’s surface and atmosphere has progressed significantly with the introduction of hyperspectral techniques [1]
With regard to the standards selected for field spectroscopy profile design, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 19115-2 and ISO 19130 are the most recent standard releases and append new metadata definitions, we have to consider that these standards are optimized for the raster data type and that the new metadata elements are not applicable enough to the point-vector data processed in field spectroscopy
Several XML-based methodologies exist for metadata in field spectroscopy, but a standard methodology is required to improve data readability, flexibility and utility for archival, processing and use with software applications
Summary
The exploration and monitoring capacity of remote sensing to study the Earth’s surface and atmosphere has progressed significantly with the introduction of hyperspectral techniques [1]. The important step forward will arrive when a common system is created and the different field spectroscopy organizations can speak the same metadata language In this regard, the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) Directive (2007/2/EC) establishes a common understanding of the semantics of the data to ensure correct and proper use and interpretation of the data by owners and users. We propose a methodology to define a metadata architecture based on ISO standards and OGC specifications, with the aim of establishing a well-built XML documentation frame appended to the spectral libraries acquired in a field campaign that can be used as a generic means to carry as much information as possible about datasets in a standardized way
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