Abstract
Agriculture represents one of the main pillars of the Brazilian economy, its importance being related to food security and the generation of job opportunities. However, it is necessary to have a critical reflection on the sustainability of planting. Among the different types of crops, tomatoes stood out as one of the most planted and consumed fruits in the world. This article provides a comparative assessment between three types of tomato planting: conventional, organic and sustainable (TOMATEC®), from soil preparation to commercialization on the market. The work was carried out in the north of the state of Rio de Janeiro, together with groups that produce the fruit in these three types of planting. The methodology was based on an unstructured questionnaire, with free responses, applied to farmers in the region. We believe that this study will contribute to the orientation of society through data obtained from serious information processing criteria. The main results showed, through the sustainable planting system of EMBRAPA (innovation), that it is possible to use pesticides with environmental awareness and produce fruit free of residues. Diseases, in the conventional system, are controlled by the application of fungicides and bactericides. In sustainable planting, a mixture of homemade detergent with soy oil, Bordeaux mixture, cow’s milk, contact fungicides and systemic fungicides is used, and in the organic production system, it is common not to let the disease settle in the plant, through preventive control of soil preparation and protection. In pest control, the conventional system performs the application of insecticides composed of various active principles. In the organic system, the control of insects is privileged by balancing the soil, with this, the plants acquire greater resistance to diseases and pests. In the sustainable system, there is no preventive treatment, but curative. Market fruit prices for conventional planting fluctuate and depend on supply, while tomatoes from organic and sustainable systems do not fluctuate. Organic production does not have the installed capacity to meet market demands. With this, the sustainable system has been gaining space in the market and expanding in the Southeast and South of the country.
Highlights
INTRODUCTION THE TOMATO CULTURE PLANTING SYSTEMSSTUDIED CONVENTIONAL TOMATO PLANTING SYSTEM ORGANIC TOMATO PRODUCTION SYSTEM INNOVATION – SUSTAINABLE SYSTEM – SPD (TOMATEC) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION TREATMENT OF SEEDLINGS SUBSTRATE USED PEST CONTROL METHODS DISEASE CONTROL METHODS WEATHER CONTROL METHODS CULTIVATION WORKPLACE USED FERTILIZING PRODUCTIVITY PRICE ACHIEVED MARKETPLACE ECONOMIC ASPECTS CONCLUSION REFERENCES ABSTRACTAgriculture represents one of the main pillars of the Brazilian economy, its importance being related to food security and the generation of job opportunities
Based on the questionnaire answered by the farmers, it was possible to know details about planting in the three systems, from sowing to the market situation of the fruits
The sustainable system, on the other hand, uses a mixture of biological control, Bordeaux mixture, bagging, insecticides and fungicides, in quantities up to ten times smaller than those used in conventional planting
Summary
INTRODUCTION THE TOMATO CULTURE PLANTING SYSTEMSSTUDIED CONVENTIONAL TOMATO PLANTING SYSTEM ORGANIC TOMATO PRODUCTION SYSTEM INNOVATION – SUSTAINABLE SYSTEM – SPD (TOMATEC) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION TREATMENT OF SEEDLINGS SUBSTRATE USED PEST CONTROL METHODS DISEASE CONTROL METHODS WEATHER CONTROL METHODS CULTIVATION WORKPLACE USED FERTILIZING PRODUCTIVITY PRICE ACHIEVED MARKETPLACE ECONOMIC ASPECTS CONCLUSION REFERENCES ABSTRACTAgriculture represents one of the main pillars of the Brazilian economy, its importance being related to food security and the generation of job opportunities. The high losses suffered by agriculture due to the infestation of pests and weeds, in addition to diseases and soil wear, make it necessary to use pesticides in production. Field research: A comparative analysis between conventional, organic and sustainable methods of tomato production other factors, the use of pesticides must be carried out in a rational manner, since the indiscriminate use of these products can cause negative impacts on the environment, harming the health of workers and consumers who directly and / or indirectly handle such substances (CARNEIRO, 2015). The use of sustainable agriculture, as exposed in this work, is a proposal for a solution for soil degradation that can be systematic, if adopted on a large scale, either by the action of markets or by state regulation (BACCARIN, 2020)
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