Abstract
The automatic monitoring of shortenings of vertical members in high-rise buildings under construction is a challenging issue in the high-rise building construction field. In this study, a practical system for monitoring column shortening in a high-rise building under construction is presented. The proposed monitoring system comprises the following components: (1) a wireless sensing system and (2) the corresponding monitoring software. The wireless sensing system comprises the sensors and energy-efficient wireless sensing units (sensor nodes, master nodes, and repeater nodes), which automate the processes for measuring the strains of vertical members and transmitting the measured data to the remote server. The monitoring software enables construction administrators to monitor real-time data collected by the server via an Internet connection. The proposed monitoring system is applied to actual 66-floor and 72-floor high-rise buildings under construction. The system enables automatic and real-time measurements of the shortening of vertical members, which can result in more precise construction.
Highlights
Vertical members in a high-rise building, such as columns and shear walls, receive vertical loads that subsequently lead to axial shortenings of the members
The vertical members in a high-rise building will not shorten by the same amount since the vertical members have different loading and design conditions, so differences between the amount of shortening of adjacent vertical components inevitably occur
It was shown that the strains measured on the 10th floor in tower 2 are approximately 77% higher than the elastic strains, which are calculated on the structural weights, on the 10th floor in tower 2 for the period from elapsed day 339 to elapsed day 375
Summary
Vertical members in a high-rise building, such as columns and shear walls, receive vertical loads that subsequently lead to axial shortenings of the members. The vertical members in a high-rise building will not shorten by the same amount since the vertical members have different loading and design conditions, so differences between the amount of shortening of adjacent vertical components inevitably occur. This differential shortening can deteriorate the quality of construction by causing slab distortions, separation of elevator guiderail brackets, unexpected deformation of interior drywalls, and damage to cladding systems [2,3]. During construction, to compensate for differential shortening, the formwork along one edge may be raised by the estimated amount of the differential shortening. It is almost impossible to accurately predict the amount of shortening through an estimation formula due to the idealization of material properties and the assumptions in analytical models [4,5,6]
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