Abstract
Landslide is one of the most widely distributed surface morphological landscapes, and it can cause a series of major economic and human losses. Field monitoring and limit equilibrium methods were applied to investigate Baota Mountain landslide stability, and soil volumetric water content, different scales of rainfall data, and landslide displacements were monitored using various equipment. The theoretical factor of safety was also calculated for the landslide. Finally, the theoretical results were validated by monitoring data in the field. The results demonstrate that soil volumetric water content experienced the greatest change with time at a depth of 0.2 m and then 1 m; however, the change in soil volumetric water content was relatively small with time at a soil depth ranging from 2.0 m to 4.0 m. Soil volumetric water content also did not change with time at a soil depth of 5.0 m and below. In addition, the retardation effect was found in different depths of volumetric water content for continuous rainfall. The safety factors were 2.713 and 1.133 for landslide No. 1 and landslide No. 2, respectively. These results indicate that landslide No. 1 is relatively stable, but there is a probability of the occurrence of movement in landslide No. 2. The monitoring displacement data indicate that landslide No.1 was in a relatively stable state between 2008 and 2013, and this result was in accordance with the value of theoretical calculation. This study provided relevant parameters for numerical simulation of landslides in loess areas.
Highlights
Landslides are one of the most widely distributed surface morphological landscapes and can cause a series of major economic and human losses [1,2,3]
Field monitoring of landslide stability from 2013 to 2016 in the ree Gorges Reservoir, China, was performed with different types of equipment, and the results demonstrated that landslide deformation reverted to seasonal stepwise cumulative displacements influenced by cycles of reservoir drawdown and rainfall [11]
E Volumetric Water Content (VWC) of TDR 2-1 is shown in Figure 3(b). e soil VWC increased after 5 h of rainfall; the soil VWC of TDR 2-1 increased from 2 h after the end of the rainfall (Figure 3(c)), indicating that the changes of VWC were delayed in response to rainfall
Summary
Landslides are one of the most widely distributed surface morphological landscapes and can cause a series of major economic and human losses [1,2,3]. Some researchers studied and discussed current methods, which included physical models, field monitoring, and numerical analysis for slope stability analysis in detail [9,10,11]. A series of pieces of equipment have been widely applied to monitor landslide displacement, which constitute direct and efficient ways to determine landslide stability and calculate its threshold, especially for single landslides [15, 16]. Zolkepli et al (2019) used the modified Fellenius’ and Bishop’s methods to calculate the safety factor of slopes located at Pahang Matriculation College, Malaysia, and the results showed that the theoretical calculated values were highly similar to the monitoring data [24]. Field monitoring and limit equilibrium methods were used to study landslide stability, soil volumetric water content, and landslide displacements. The different results were compared, and the theoretical results were validated by monitoring data. is study provided relevant parameters for numerical simulation of landslides in loess areas
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