Abstract
Field emission of electrons from carbon nanotubes was first demonstrated in 1995 by the two research groups; one is led by R.E. Smalley and the other by W.A. de Heer. The former group showed high emission from a single open multiwalled nanotube (MWNT) under low applied voltages, and the latter demonstrated electron emission from an aligned MWNT film. Recently, field emission microscopy was performed for both MWNTs and single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs). In this article, the background of these studies is briefly described, and then the characteristics of electron emission from carbon nanotubes are reviewed. Finally, electronic display elements (lighting-elements with the structure of a triode-type vacuum tube) are shown as a practical application of nanotube field emitters.
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