Fibre type related changes in the metabolic profile and fibre diameter of human vastus medialis muscle after anterior cruciate ligament rupture

Abstract

Vastus medialis muscles of patients with chronic anterior instability of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament rupture were analysed to investigate changes in defined muscle fibres of the diseased leg in comparison to the healthy leg of the same patient. Metabolic and morphological parameters were obtained by cytophotometrical measurements of the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (a marker of oxidative metabolism) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (a marker of glycolytic metabolism) of slow-oxidative (SO), fast-oxidative glycolytic (FOG) and fast-glycolytic (FG) fibre types in serial sections and by measuring the minimal fibre diameters of type I (slow) and type II (fast) fibres. We found decreased glycolytic activity and a shift to more oxidative metabolism in each fibre type suggesting diminished fast force and shift to endurance force development. The latter was interpreted as a sign of active compensation for the knee instability. Significantly decreased minimal fibre diameters to 85.9% in type I fibres, and to 88.7% in type II fibres of the diseased muscle were measured, indicating the fibre atrophy. Our findings suggest that the atrophied muscle fibres of the affected vastus medialis muscle adapt to the altered conditions by changing their metabolic profile. Muscle fibres of different types were found to be affected similarly.