FETAL ANATOMY OF THE ILEOCECAL SEGMENT

Abstract

A number of publications in modern Ukrainian and foreign publications deal with investiga-tions of the anatomy of the ileocecal segment. The data of the majority of authors are fragmentary and incomplete, and mostly deal with investigations of anatomy of a definite form of the ileocecal segment or embryonic formation of iliac papilla. The literature does not contain a common opinion concerning the dynamics of formation of the iliac papilla, variants of its anatomy, mechanism of its sphincter function. The study is conducted on 125 dead fetuses and complexes of organs of fetuses and human newborns without evident macroscopic signs of deviation from a normal structure of the digestive tract. Morphogenesis of the sphincter-valve mechanism of the ileocecal transition is of invagination type accompanied by temporary closing of the junction between the small and large intestines, and as a result, dilation of the terminal portion of the ileum, diameter of which on the 7th month of develop-ment (6,0±0,4 mm) prevails over the diameter of the proximal segment of the colon (5,7±0,8 mm). Formation of a definite structure of the components of the ileocecal segment and variants of its struc-ture is affected by a syntopogenous influence of the right kidney, the processes of colon fixation to the posterior abdominal wall, and degree of filling the intestine with meconium.