Ferumoxtran-10 Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide–Enhanced Diffusion-weighted Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detection of Metastases in Normal-sized Lymph Nodes in Patients with Bladder and Prostate Cancer: Do We Enter the Era After Extended Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection?

Abstract

Listen

Translate article

With currently available imaging modalities like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is a major challenge to find metastases in normal-sized lymph nodes (LNs). In prostate cancer, only 30% of LN metastases are detected, as most metastases are present in LNs 50% of metastatic LNs are located outside the routine radiation target volume. LN radiotherapy using the standard target volume will be potentially less effective due to a high risk of geographic miss [3]. Therefore, there is another need for exact localization of metastatic LNs. In a meta-analysis, Wu et al. [4] have shown superior results with MRI using ferumoxtran-10 iron nanoparticles (ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent) (Sinerem/Combidex; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands) for LN metastases detection. This is in agreementwith thepaper of Birkhauser et al. in this month’s issue of European Urology [5]. They show important results with ferumoxtran-10 MRI on