Abstract
The ferroelectric, ferroelastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties of co-doped, soft-type Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 were measured from −150°C to 350°C, highlighting the importance of temperature and defects on the electromechanical response. Small signal piezoelectric measurements revealed a linear increase with increasing temperatures below 0°C, followed by a maximum at approximately 50°C. The low temperature properties correspond well to observed changes in the large-field response during the application of an external electrical and mechanical field. The results illustrate the importance of understanding phase boundary effects in order to determine a useable temperature range and to tailor future lead free piezoelectric materials for cryogenic electromechanical applications.
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