Abstract
Maesil (Prunus mume Siebold and Zucc.), a member of the genus Rosaceae, has been reported to have antioxidative effects, as well as anticancer influence in many cancer lines. Thus, this present study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of fermented Maesil with probiotics against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis via its antioxidative potential. Mice were fed a diet containing fermented Maesil, containing either 1% (1% FM fed group) or 2% (2% FM fed group) along with probiotics following DMBA and TPA exposure. Continuous ingestion of the experimental feed markedly inhibited skin carcinogenesis, as evidenced by a marked decrease in papilloma numbers and epidermal hyperplasia as well as cellular proliferation and the percentage of proliferating-cell nuclear antigen positive cells. Also, the FM fed group showed an increase of total antioxidant capacity as well as an increased level of phase II detoxifying enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, concurrent with a decreased lipid peroxidation activity level. Taken together, these results suggest that fermented Maesil has the ability to suppress the development of DMBA-TPA induced skin carcinogenesis, via the reduction of lipid peroxidation, enhancing total antioxidant capacity and phase II detoxifying enzyme.
Highlights
Skin cancer is one of the most common malignancies and its incidence has been rising rapidly over the past several decades (Housman et al, 2003; Stern, 2010)
These results suggest that fermented Maesil has the ability to suppress the development of DMBA-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) induced skin carcinogenesis, via the reduction of lipid peroxidation, enhancing total antioxidant capacity and phase II detoxifying enzyme
Effects of fermented Maesil on total antioxidant capacity in skin cytosol The total antioxidant capacity in the skin was significantly increased in the 1% fermented Maesil with probiotics (FM) group (333.2±78.8 μM Trolox/mg tissue) (P
Summary
Skin cancer is one of the most common malignancies and its incidence has been rising rapidly over the past several decades (Housman et al, 2003; Stern, 2010). During the early tumor promotion stage of multistage carcinogenesis, the process is reversible but the initiation stage is irreversible and presumably unavoidable because of continuing exposure to carcinogenic chemicals and physical agents (Abel et al, 2009). Skin is continually subjected to oxidative stress which is mediated by ROS and this damage normally minimized by the action of non-enzymatic antioxidants and antioxidant enzyme systems (Halliwell et al, 2007). Despite this defense mechanism, a massive oxidant generation takes place at the same time along with a decrease in antioxidant protection which causes oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids, leading to many diseases, e.g. aging, cardiovascular diseases and cancer (Reuter et al, 2010). Many naturally occurring dietary materials, such as fruits and vegetables, herbs and plants, which have phenolic compounds, showed anticarcinogenic or antimutagenic potential might be related to their antioxidative properties (Pan et al, 2008)
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