Abstract
Fermented leaf fertilizers (FLF) are made of anaerobically fermented plant and/or animal re sources and principally used for foliar plant nutrition, as they provide a quick nutrient supply, especially of micronutrients. Their use is most common in horticultural production as a complementary measure to or ganic basal fertilization in the case of nutrient deficiencies. Since FLF are commonly made of farm residues, their formulation varies according to the available resources and the treated crops. The most common raw materials are cattle manure, cow milk, cane molasses, and water. Within Latin America, the production of FLF is popular with smallholders. Most of these farmers produce them on-farm using adapted plastic barrels as fermenters. Industrial production is conceivable. FLF have been successfully tested in banana, bean, broccoli, carrot, cucumber, lettuce, maize, papaya, and spinach production. This review highlights the principles of this sustainable and promising organic fertilization strategy, emphasizing the preparation of FLF.
Highlights
Common plant nutrition strategy in organic farming [2], plant are labelled as fermented foliar fertilizers, liquid organic sprays based on compost, excrements and diverse plant fertilizers [7], fermented organic fertilizers [8], or biol[9]
Fermented leaf fertilizers (FLF) are Fermented liquid fertilizers (FLF) describe anaerobically used for foliar fertilization, where they have shown superior fermented animal or plant residues immediate nutrient supply compared to common solid orused as liquid organic fertilizers
Overlapping) concepts of biofertilizers and biostimulants, Regularly, they serve as corrective measures when nutrient deficiencies are ob- the producers, the crop, organic farming regulation, and served [12]
Summary
The bio-digester must be protected from all light, as light stimulates the oxidation process of organic materials. All vegetative material must be shredded to a length of maximum 2 cm in the preparation of FLF. The barrel is filled with the vegetative material, fresh animal excrements and 100 L of water. The energy resources and the milk are mixed with 10-20 L of water in a separate container. Upon stirring, this mixture is added to the barrel. From the tenth day forward, some farmers open the barrel for a short time to check the quality of the preparation and to stir it [11,17]
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