Abstract
Channel waveguides in Nd:GdVO4 crystals were fabricated by using low-repetition-rate (1 kHz) femtosecond laser inscription. The influences of pulse energy and scanning velocity were investigated. Guiding occurs in the surroundings of the focal spot. Single-line, double-line, and double-layer waveguides were realized. The near-field mode images, refractive-index profile reconstruction, and mode analysis of waveguides are presented. The double-line waveguides show strong guidance at 632.8 nm with a loss of about 0.5 dB/mm and an index increase of 3×10−4. The mode profile asymmetry of single-line waveguide has been improved by using multipass scanning.
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