Abstract
ABSTRACT This work presents the evaluation of the downlink (DL) performance of a dual-layer cellular networks by using energy efficiency (EE) metric, where femto base stations (FBSs), macro base stations (MBSs) and users (FUs) form independent spatial Poisson point processes (PPPs). The proposed network model is developed by considering number of antennas at each BS alongside a single antenna at each user with the use of the conventional spectrum re-utilization approach. Then, Coverage probability and EE expressions for the dual-layer cellular networks are exclusively derived analytically. It is also demonstrated that simulation results are almost inline with the analytical one in the PPP-based model. While coverage probability deteriorates with less margin in the lower FBS density region compared to the scheme presented in Xu and Qiu [“Energy efficiency optimization for MIMO broadcast channels,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., Vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 690–701, Feb. 2013.] signalled not much turnaround of the network performance, EE in the lower and the upper FBS density regions are likely to remain between to Bits/Joule and to Bits/Joule, respectively. Proposed scheme tells us that it is firmly on course to match up with Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANET) applications without incurring high cost as EE, low latency, coverage probability and low power adaptability are back on good growth path.
Highlights
Increasing energy cost and high demand of data traffic have motivated to articulate more on energy efficiency (EE) aspect of wireless networks [1]
We demonstrate that the EE level of single-antenna type BSs is higher than the multiple-antenna type BSs only for the case whilst the power consumes by the analog circuit is higher as compared to the threshold (i.e., Pcp ≥ γPntp), whereas BSs of multiple-antenna types are superior for the case whilst the power consumes by the analog circuit is less as compared to the threshold (i.e., Pcp < γPntp)
Where ηAE1 and ηAE2 denote the power amplifier efficiency for femto base stations (FBSs) and macro base stations (MBSs) respectively; Pcp1 and Pcp2 indicate circuit power consumption for femtocell and macrocell respectively; Pntp accounts for the non-transmitted power and M stands for the number of antenna elements
Summary
Increasing energy cost and high demand of data traffic have motivated to articulate more on energy efficiency (EE) aspect of wireless networks [1]. The small-cell, with femto Access Point (FAP) as a subset, is more comprehensively used term in the industry. This links to the service provider’s network via broadband (such as digital subscriber line (DSL) or cable). The grid scheme is not much tractable in the network where femtocell distribution is random in nature. The twofold contributions of the work are as follows: we propose a novel set of analytical results by applying the spatial PPP model to compute EE of a dual-layer HetNets in association with multi-antenna base stations. A novel set of analytical results have been presented by applying the spatial PPP model to compute EE of femto-.
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