Abstract
Efficient utilization of crop residues is an alternative way to overcome feed shortage for livestock feeding. Hence, an experiment was conducted to determine the effect on nutrient intake, milk yield, nutrient digestibility and rumen parameters of total mixed ration (TMR) as mash or block form in comparison to conventional feeding system for a period of 45 days. Accoding to CRD 18 RCC early milking cows (Bos indicus) having average daily milk yield of 3.20±0.14 L/d and divided into three treatment groups. Existing feeding practice at the farm was considered as control group (T0) fed Napier-3 adlib. and concentrate mixture. In another two groups, animals fed TMR, where one fed as block (T1) and another as mash form (T2) with the same roughage and concentrate combination (50:50). All diets contained 16% CP. To determine digestibility of supplied feed, a digestibility trial at the middle of the feeding trial was conducted and also to study the rumen environment (pH, TVFA, NH3-N), rumen liquors were collected at post feeding intervals of 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36h. Study revealed that fresh feed intakes were significantly (p<0.001) higher in T0. DMI and CPI were significantly (p<0.001) higher in T1 group. Significantly (p<0.05) highest milk yields were obtained in T1 (3.6 l/d) and T2 (3.49 l/d) and lowest in T0 (3.35l/d). Milk fat (p<0.001) and SNF (p<0.05) were significantly higher T1 and T2. Except ADF, digestibility for most of the nutrient was significantly higher in T1 and T2 than T0. Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) were significantly (p<0.01) higher in T1 and T2 groups than that of T0 group. Finally, it may be concluded that TMR, either in block or mash form gives better results in terms of milk yield, milk composition, digestibility and concentration of TVFA and NH3-N.
 Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2019, 5(1): 71-77
Highlights
A major constraint to livestock production in Bangladesh is the scarcity and fluctuating quantity and quality of the year-round feed supply
All diets contained 16% crude protein (CP) (Table 1) The animals in control group were offered a conventional ration comprising of 22.0 kg Napier Hybrid green grass and 3.0kg concentrate mixture while the animals in treatment groups were fed Total mixed ration (TMR) comprising of chopped maize stover and concentrate in 50:50 proportions according to their nutrient requirements
The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and ash contents were 90.21,16.9, 91.01, 55.55, 23.11 and 12.67 percent, respectively in the concentrate mixture of T0, 42.88, 15.59,81.4,45.54,45.41and 18.6 percent, respectively in T1 and 43.01,.88, 15.64,80.17,54.88, 45.54 and 19.83 percent, respectively in T2 .All the experimental animals were stall fed with zero grazing
Summary
A major constraint to livestock production in Bangladesh is the scarcity and fluctuating quantity and quality of the year-round feed supply. Due to cultivation of food and commercial crops, enormous quantities of different types of crop residues are produced as a renewable resource every year. The conventional feeding systems in Bangladesh for bovine consist of feeding roughage and concentrate separately at different time intervals. Selective consumption of feeds is more in this type of feeding system which leads to a great loss of feeds as for wastages and improper nutrient utilization. The rumen environment of the ruminants change with the ingestion of feed stuffs which in turn affect the ruminal digestion, nutrient absorption and rate of passage. Animals consume a high proportion of concentrates which increase the risk of ruminal acidosis (Maekawa et al, 2002). Total mixed ration (TMR) is a revolutionary concept in the feeding
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
