Abstract
Living systems embody many different forms of feedback control from the autonomic functioning of single cells to the coordination of the life functions in highly complex multi-cellular animals and plants. From the many living control processes, it is possible to gain clues and inspirations that could lead to man-made machines of greatly increased capabilities. The self-adaptive capability of living systems is of topical interest to control engineers, particularly in regard to the living embodiment of analogue models and performance criteria. Three modes of self-adaptive control are discussed in relation to specific examples of their living counterparts. Perhaps the ultimate example of a multi-variable self-adaptive control system is the human operator, who is endowed with planning and “decision-making” abilities. These abilities are discussed in relation to the optimisation of man-machine relationships. Biological transducers and the transmission of information are also discussed.
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