Abstract
The feed restriction program is on of the main techniques in growth curve manipulation for increasing production efficiency in broiler chicken. Quantities and qualitative feed restriction are procedures that can be used to manipulate the feeding strategies of poultry in order to decrease growth and metabolic rate to some extent and so alleviate the incidence of some metabolic diseases such as ascites, lameness, mortality, and sudden death syndrome and so improving feed conversion and reducing feed cost. Also to produce a leaner bird and reduce the unfavourable effects of fat on human health, and to reduce fat deposition in broiler carcasses using of feed restriction programs can be profitable in broiler chickens production. This article surveys new findings in feed restriction of broilers and evaluates the application of feed restriction methods to broiler chicken production.
Highlights
Growth performance of broiler chickens has been increased spectacularly over the last 30 years mainly due to the genetic progress, improvements of nutrition and controlled environment so that it takes only 33 days to reach finishing body weight of about 2 kg (Wilson, 2005). This growth rate is accompanied by increased body fat deposition, high mortality and high incidence of metabolic diseases and skeletal disorders (Zubair and Leeson, 1996)
Feed restriction programs used to reduce abdominal and carcass fat in broiler chickens rely on the phenomenon called compensatory growth or catch up growth to produce market body weight similar to control groups, Compensatory growth or catch-up growth is defined as abnormally
For overcome in these problems almost in many studies of feed restriction in broiler chickens have been impacted on feed efficiency and body fat deposition
Summary
Growth performance of broiler chickens has been increased spectacularly over the last 30 years mainly due to the genetic progress, improvements of nutrition and controlled environment so that it takes only 33 days to reach finishing body weight of about 2 kg (Wilson, 2005). The study of Plavnik and Hurwitz (1990) showed that broilers fed ad libitum with a 9.4% crude protein diet from 8 to 14 days markedly reduced their feed intake and weight gain by about 57% and 41% respectively This reduction in feed intake may have been due to of a protein and amino acid deficiency, since other nutrients were at normal levels. Coon et al (1981) comparing the performance of male and female broiler chickens fed low or high energy rations for 56 days, found a significant improvement in the feed conversion ratio using a diet with high energy level Feed forms such as pellet, crumble, mash and particle size influences broiler growth and development (Reece et al, 1985, Jones et al, 1995). Because chicks fed pelleted diets spend less time and energy feeding, they were less active than mash-fed birds (Nir et al, 1994), and so spend less energy for maintenance
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