Abstract
The article considers the phenomenon of federal relations in modern Russia from a theoretical and normative point of view. Studying related categories, such as federalism, federation and federal system, the author comes to the conclusion that it is federal relations, which by their nature are purely legal relations, are the core of any federal system. It is the analysis of the dynamics of development of these relations that shows the viability of a particular federal system. Using the concept of systems theory, the author reveals the structure of federal relations, which includes their subjects, objects and content. In turn, the content of federal relations can be revealed using the principles of both the horizontal and the vertical separation of powers. In this regard, not only normative regulation (the Constitution, federal and regional laws), but also judicial practice are of great importance: namely, decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which handed down a significant number of decisions revealing the essence of federal relations in specific cases and resolving existing problems. The development of the federal system, and, consequently, the actual federal relations can be traced in examples of an institutional and regulatory nature. Vivid examples of this development are structural changes in the federal system associated with the formation of a new constituent entity of the federation and the adoption of a new constituent entity in the federation. Such examples have occurred in modern Russia, although in the case of the adoption of new entities in the current regulatory framework, certain problems are found that should be eliminated by making appropriate amendments to the law governing the procedure for such adoption. The COVID-19 pandemic, unfortunately, has affected virtually every nation in the world. The relationship between the federal center and the constituent entities of the federation in such an extraordinary situation has been affected too and has undergone certain changes. Their analysis cannot but lead to a correction of the normative regulation of federal relations in the event of similar situations in the future. Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation have affected a large layer of public relations. Federal relations are no exception, since the “Federated Structure” section of the Constitution includes a number of rather interesting changes.
Highlights
Meaning and Essence of Federal RelationsIn the science of constitutional law, different categories are used to describe a specific form of government: federalism, federation, federal system, federal regime, federal model, etc
The article considers the phenomenon of federal relations in modern Russia from a theoretical and normative point of view
The content of federal relations is the activity of their entities in the implementation of the subjects of competence and authority of the federation, its entities, their bodies and officials, as well as in the implementation of other constitutional provisions laid down in Ch. 3 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation “Federated Structure.”The actual content of the relations under consideration can be seen in the analysis of the practice of the activities of certain subjects of federal relations
Summary
In the science of constitutional law, different categories are used to describe a specific form of government: federalism, federation, federal system, federal regime, federal model, etc. A federal structure is a combination of the most important federal relations characterizing the essence and basic characteristics of the current federal system of a given state, as well as the principles and mechanisms of its functioning, reflecting the dynamics of the development of federal relations in a given federation. Closest to this category are federalism and the federal system. By analyzing the ideal structure of federal relations, including their subjects, objects and content, one can trace the means by which a certain federal system functions, the problems it is experiencing and the potential ways of solving them at different stages of its development.
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