Abstract
The structural-aggregate composition is an important soil characteristic, which reflects the features of the genesis, condition and regimes of soils. The structural and aggregate composition of ordinary chernozems under zonal steppe vegetation and under artificial forest plantations from white acacia and common oak in the conditions of the Prisamaría was studied. As a result, it was found that in all the studied soils the greatest content falls on the fraction 2–1 mm in size. In ordinary chernozems in the upper horizons, under the stands of white acacia and common oak, an increase in the content of this agronomically valuable fraction is observed. Also in ordinary chernozem under forest stands, an increase in the value of the structural coefficient is observed compared with ordinary chernozem under steppe vegetation. In ordinary chernozem the most favorable effect of the growth of white acacia was found in horizon H, and the growth of ordinary oak in horizon H2, in which the highest values of the structural coefficient were found. In the studied ordinary chernozems under the steppe and forest vegetation a predominance of the water-resistant fraction of size <0.25 mm is observed. The positive effect of white acacia and common oak plantations on the water resistance of aggregates of common chernozem in the upper horizons is manifested in a decrease in the content of the fraction of size <0.25 mm compared to ordinary chernozem. In ordinary chernozems under steppe vegetation the most favorable conditions for the formation of agronomically valuable fractions during dry sieving are characteristic of the lower horizons and for chernozems under forest stands in the upper horizons. In all the studied soils the highest content of agronomically valuable fractions during wet sieving was found in the upper horizons, but there are more of them in chernozems under forest stands. The highest content of agronomically valuable fractions in all studied soils is observed in the lower horizons and their highest content in the upper horizons is found in ordinary chernozems under the steppe vegetation. The highest values of the water resistance criterion are characteristic of the lower horizons of the studied chernozems. The maximum values of this criterion were found in ordinary chernozem under oak plantation, and the smallest – under acacia plantation. The growth of forest plantations on ordinary chernozems leads to an improvement in their structural-aggregate composition.
Highlights
The structural-aggregate composition is an important soil characteristic, which reflects the features of the genesis, condition and regimes of soils
In ordinary chernozem the most favorable effect of the growth of white acacia was found in horizon H, and the growth of ordinary oak in horizon H2, in which the highest values of the structural coefficient were found
The positive effect of white acacia and common oak plantations on the water resistance of aggregates of common chernozem in the upper horizons is manifested in a decrease in the content of the fraction of size
Summary
Досліджувався структурно-агрегатний склад чорноземів звичайних під зональною степовою рослинністю, а також під штучними лісовими насадженнями з акації білої та дуба звичайного в умовах Присамар’я. У чорноземах звичайних під степовою рослинністю найбільш сприятливі умови для формування агрономічно цінних фракцій при сухому просіюванні характерні для нижніх горизонтів, а для чорноземів під лісовими насадженнями – у верхніх горизонтах. Нр (26–56 см) – сіро-бурий та буруватий із затіками та плямами сірого та темно-сірого кольору; свіжуватий суглинок; пласти розпадаються на зернисті та грудкуваті окремості; більш щільний, але ще пухкий; невелика тріщинуватість; проникнений великими коренями; місцями псевдоміцелій; перехід помітний за кольором, структурою, щільністю. Рк (85–150 см) – палево-жовтий, жовто-бурий, свіжуватий, пухкий стовпчастий макроструктурний лесовий суглинок (материнська порода); рясна білозірка; тріщинуватість; окремі затіки сірої речовини по кореневих ходах; корені рідко зустрічаються; кротовина; перехід різкий за структурою, щільністю та кольором.
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