Features of the political transformation of Syria

Abstract

The article analyses the theoretical and methodological aspects of the study of political transformation in the Arab world, threats to security and stability in the Middle East, and the problem of political transformation in terms of modern political science, in particular, threats to security and stability in Syria. The main trends in the development of Syria's political transformation and the formation of the main factors determining it are studied. A comparative analysis of the foreign policy of Syrian Presidents Hafez Assad and Bashar al-Assad shows that the political transformation has made certain changes in the concept of the country's foreign policy. The impact of the Syrian crisis on security and stability in the region, as well as national interests, and the policy of official Damascus in the process of “bringing democracy” to the Middle East have been studied. The causes and conditions of the Syrian crisis and the essence of the reforms carried out in the country have been revealed. The impact of new geopolitical and geostrategic factors on Syria in the Middle East has been systematically analyzed. Threats to security and stability in the Middle East due to globalization have determined the nature of political processes in the region, and the interference of external forces in these processes has led to the conflict in Syria. Prospects for sustainable development in Syria and problems in ensuring national security have been studied. It is stated that the priorities of the criteria for democratization and liberalization of domestic political life should be determined on the basis of the national and historical and cultural traditions of the country.