FEATURES OF THE PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of personality development of adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Scientific research is determined by the relevance of studying the personality of adolescents with intellectual disabilities, the promotion of which development is an important task of special education for successful social adaptation and self-realization of children. The theoretical analysis of literary sources made it possible to determine the main psychological characteristics of adolescence, in particular, psychological neo formation that are the basis for the formation of a personality (development of self-awareness, motivational sphere, self-regulation of behavior, self-determination, etc.). The disharmonious development of the psyche determines the specific underdevelopment of the personality of adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The need-motivation sphere is immature, characterized by the predominance of organic needs and the complexity of forming social, low motivational power of motives and their unconsciousness. The underdevelopment of the “Self-concept” is characteristic, which is manifested in the contradictions and inconsistencies of the “Self-image”, insufficiently formed ideas about oneself, inadequacy of self-esteem and self-attitude. The analysis of the literature also proved that despite the general most typical characteristics of the personal development of adolescents with intellectual disabilities, there are also specific features of the development of the personality in various forms of oligophrenia and dementia. The article presents a description of certain personality traits of teenagers with various forms of oligophrenia and dementia. The positive influence of correctional education and upbringing on the personality development of students with intellectual disabilities is substantiated. The prospects of further scientific investigations aimed at studying the problem of forming a harmonious personality of adolescents with intellectual disabilities in educational and educational activities have been determined.