FEATURES OF THE INTERACTION OF ROTARY CLEANERS WITH THE HEADS OF SUGAR BEET ROOTS

Abstract

Sugar beets are one of the most important technical crops and one of the sources of sugar in Ukraine. Despite significant reductions in cultivated areas in recent years, sugar beets remain the main raw material for the sugar industry of Ukraine. In recent years, there has been a trend towards the use of foreign machinery for harvesting sugar beets, which was developed according to European quality standards of raw materials with increased sugar-bearing mass waste when the stalks are separated. Regardless of whether the technological process is carried out according to Ukrainian standards with minimal sugar-bearing mass waste, or according to European standards, with increased sugar-bearing mass waste, the task of determining the location of the sugar-bearing mass in space and its maximum separation remains in both cases. The task of harvesting sugar beets is to obtain the maximum possible amount of sugar-bearing mass from a unit of area with technologically and economically justified waste of sugar-bearing mass and the permissible content of physical and harmful pollutants - humus and soil. One of the important operations, which significantly affects the quality of raw materials, is the separation of chaff. Rotary working bodies with flexible and rigid with radially fixed elements are the most effective at separating the scum and are simple in design. However, they are effective at speeds of forward movement of beet harvesting machines no more than 1.5 m/s. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the process and develop new technical solutions for high-quality separation of the sugar-bearing mass with minimal sugar-bearing mass waste, which will increase the harvesting productivity. The article proposes the design of a root vegetable head cleaner with directed action of cleaning elements. A kinematic analysis and graphically modeled process of interaction of working elements with root crop heads for the serial and proposed root crop head cleaner were carried out. As a result of the research, the reason for the low-efficiency operation of serial cleaners at speeds of translational movement of beet harvesting machines more than 1.5 m/s was revealed, and the constructive and technological parameters of the cleaner with the directed action of the working elements were substantiated.