Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a widely spread disease, that can be prevented and treated. As it was mentioned in the GOLD guidelines, genetic factors have a prominent impact on the development of COPD. A great amount of different genes is involved into the development of COPD. They influence processes of inflammation, fibrosis and regulation of airways reactivity. Polymorphism of ADRB2 gene is of a particular interest as it is associated with the development of COPD and response to beta-2 agonists, which are the main drugs used in the treatment of COPD. The aim of our study was to investigate an impact of the polymorphism of ADRB2 gene on the clinical course of COPD. We collected source data, medical history in all patients in order to assess smoking status and smoking experience, clinical group of COPD according to GOLD classification, total amount of exacerbations, exacerbations treated in in-patient and out-patient conditions, data about use of antibiotics, glucocorticosteroids and methylxanthines. Blood was collected in all patients for the genetic analysis of ADRB2 gene polymorphism. Among COPD patients 65 (65 %) had changes in ADRB2 gene. 26 patients (26 %) had mutation and 39 patients (39 %) had polymorphism of ADRB2 gene, which indicate possible relation of ADRB2 gene with the COPD development. Patients of group 1, C79C allele carriers, had milder COPD course, which presented with the significant difference in the of GOLD D patients in this group (17.14±7.13 %) and group 2, C79G allele carriers, (58.97±8.15 %) and group 3, G79G allele carriers, (34.61±9.59 %). Group 1 patients had lower amount of exacerbations (2.543±0.281) when compared to group 3 (2.963±0.273), and lower amount of hospital admissions (1.031±0.154) when compared to group 2 (1.332±0.167). Group 1 patients also used less antibiotics then other groups. So, ADRB2 gene polymorphism in C79G positions is a prognostic factor of the severity of COPD course. It is associated with the greater amount of exacerbations and hospitalizations and also greater antibiotic use.
Highlights
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a widely spread disease, that can be prevented and treated
There was a tendency towards a smaller part of smokers in group 3 when compared to group 1 (р=0.075) and group 2 (р=0.061); tendency towards smaller smoking experience in group 3 when compared to group 2 (р=0.063); and tendency towards longer duration of COPD in group 3 when compared to group 1 (р=0.067) and group (р=0.054) (Table 1)
We found, that patients with COPD and G79G allele have a greater amount of exacerbations and required greater use of antibiotics
Summary
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a widely spread disease, that can be prevented and treated. It is characterized by the persistent symptoms and a decrease in pulmonary function due to the pathological changes in airways and/or alveoli, that a provoked by the significant impact of harmful particles in the susceptive organism [14]. COPD is a cause of death in 3 million cases each year [1]. According to different predictions COPD might be a cause of death in 5.4 million cases by the year 2060 due to the wider spread of smoking in the developing countries and ageing of population in the developed countries [12]
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