FEATURES OF TERRITORY PLANNING AND SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS: FROM THE PAST TO THE PRESENT

Abstract

Problem Statement and Purpose. In this article, the author reveals the peculiarities of territory planning and settlement systems using a diachronic approach to analyzing scientific literature and available materials. The paper examines the settlement process of ancient cities, the Middle Ages, the stages of industrial and scientific-technological revolutions, the period of development of the service economy, and the modern post-industrial era. Data & Methods. This study uses a diachronic approach to the analysis of material based on the comparison of data from different eras. In addition to the specified method, the author used indirect quotations that were organically woven into the text in analyzing literary sources. Results. The analysis highlights such models of territorial planning and urban development as the theory of concentric zones, the sector model, the multiple nuclei model, the exploitative model, the mixed scanning approach, and others. A postindustrial or informational and communicative model of territorial planning, when the main systemic factor is the system of communication interaction, characterizes territory planning in the 21st century. Communication unites the city’s residents and guests in creating, distributing, processing, and selecting a feedback mechanism regarding relevant arrays of primary and secondary information. In addition, the planning of territories and settlement systems must meet environmental safety criteria, be aesthetically attractive, have reliable and safe engineering and transport infrastructure, ensure comfortable population living and meet the factors of economicbenefit. The importance of religion and relevant organizations in territorial planning is emphasized separately. Taking into account the approaches to planning territories and settlement systems, the general features of the process were highlighted.