Abstract
Selective single data on the organometric parameters of the palm in the perinatal period of ontogenesis determines the relevance of the study. The purpose of the study is to establish the organometric parameters of the palm during the fetal and early neonatal periods of human ontogenesis. The study of the palm was performed on 51 preparations of fetal corpses (from 4 to 10 months) and 10 newborns using adequate anatomical methods: macropreparation, radiography, topographic and anatomical sections, morphometry, statistical analysis. It was found that the right hand in the perinatal period of ontogenesis is characterized by its elbow shape (54 %), for the left hand – radial (71 %). The parameters of the length of the right palm are greater than the parameters of the length of the left palm in the second trimester of fetal development and in the neonatal period; in the third trimester of fetal development the length of the left palm is greater than the length of the right. The parameters of the width of the right palm exceed these parameters of the left palm during the entire perinatal period of ontogenesis. During the perinatal period of ontogenesis the organometric parameters of the palm are characterized by two periods of accelerated development and a period of relatively slow development. For the length and width of the right and left palms, periods of accelerated development from the 4th to the 5th month of fetal development and from the 7th month to the neonatal period; from the 5th to the 7th month of fetal development – a period of relatively slow development. Models for predicting the normative values of organometric parameters of the palm during the perinatal period of ontogenesis are: palm length = β0 + 0.042 x crown-heel length of the fetus, where β0: 3.587, if the age period = 4 months; 5.562 = 5 months; 4.071 = 6 months; 4.840 = 7 months; 6.881 = 8 months; 5.624 = 9 months; 5.448 = 10 months; 5.765 = newborns; palm width = β0 + 0.038 x crown-heel length of the fetus, where β0: 2.887, if age period = 4 months; 4.341 = 5 months; 2.638 = 6 months; 3.324 = 7 months; 3.548 = 8 months; 1.714 = 9 months; 1.814 = 10 months; 3.231 = newborns.
Highlights
Unlike the anatomy of the lower extremity, in which the principle of connecting the individual parts, strengthening their connections, each component of the hand seeks to become free, each joint tries to get rid of its shackles, and each link - to get an individual sharpened shape
The parameters of the length of the right palm are greater than the parameters of the length of the left palm in the second trimester of fetal development and in the neonatal period; in the third trimester of fetal development the length of the left palm is greater than the length of the right
The parameters of the width of the right palm exceed these parameters of the left palm during the entire perinatal period of ontogenesis
Summary
Unlike the anatomy of the lower extremity, in which the principle of connecting the individual parts, strengthening their connections, each component of the hand seeks to become free, each joint tries to get rid of its shackles, and each link - to get an individual sharpened shape. In the process of evolution of the three parts of the hand (shoulder, forearm and hand), its final (distal) part - the hand - acquired special significance. It becomes an executor of the will, and a creator, an educator of the brain. The newborn's palms have certain features and different organometric parameters compared to adults [8, 20]. In the modern scientific literature there is only selective single information about the organometric parameters of the palm in the perinatal period of ontogenesis [3, 16]
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