Abstract
Introduction: the article reveals how extremism and terrorism are perceived in different mental civilizations: paganism (polytheism), monotheism and scientific worldview, from the standpoint of the legal consciousness of ordinary, canonical and secularethnic groups. The aim is to show that those phenomena which in the modern world are called extremism and terrorism and are subject to criminal punishment were perceived in exactly the opposite way in the mental eras of paganism and monotheism. Research methods: we use analysis of historical information about the phenomena of extremism and terrorism in different eras, related to the civilizational mentality of ethnic groups and peoples; we also use generalization (synthesis) of the information obtained. Results: revealing the attitude toward the phenomena that are now called “extremism” and “terrorism” in different mental civilizations allows us not only to understand the historically determined nature of these phenomena, but also to build an adequate system to counter them by changing existing approaches and methods. Conclusions: modern religious extremists and terrorists representinterests of the religious worldview and the way of life that are leaving the historical arena. Their re-socialization should be carried out taking into account civilizational mentality of religious people, relying primarily on the tolerant capabilities of the Holy Scriptures themselves. In the coming years, against the background of the natural decline of religious extremism and terrorism, there will be a rise of such types of “secular” extremism and terrorism as political, social, racial and linguistic, i.e. all those types of extremism that are listed in Articles 280 and 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In order to counteract these types of extremism, it is necessary, first of all, to develop high legal awareness in citizens; in this regard, it is crucial that educational and psychological services of the Russian Penal System carry out systemwide and purposeful work in this direction. Keywords: extremism; terrorism; monotheism; paganism; scientific worldview; religious wars
Highlights
The world has to deal with many challenges related to the prevention of extremism and terrorism and countering these extremely destructive phenomena, which pose a direct threat to the security of individual countries and the entire world community of nations.The goal of this article is to show how extremism and terrorism are perceived in different mental civilizations
The aim is to show that those phenomena which in the modern world are called extremism and terrorism and are subject to criminal punishment were perceived in exactly the opposite way in the mental eras of paganism and monotheism
The theoretical basis of the study is formed by the point of view that we have previously stated in many publications: the majority of population in its historical development has consistently passed from the mentality of paganism to the worldview based on monotheism, and from it to the scientific perception of the world with the corresponding legal systems [8, 9]
Summary
The goal of this article is to show how extremism and terrorism are perceived in different mental civilizations. One of the most important tasks is to consider the phenomena of extremism and terrorism in retrospect, i.e. how they were perceived in other mental eras. The topic is undoubtedly relevant, primarily because the demonstration of the attitude toward the phenomena, which are called extremism and terrorism, in different mental civilizations allows us to understand their historically determined nature, and to build an adequate system of countering them in the modern world, in particular, to change the existing approaches to the re-socialization of incarcerated individuals convicted of religious extremism and terrorism.
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