Features of geriatric status in patients with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease (review)

Abstract

Background: Among the geriatric syndromes associated with the pathology of the cardiovascular system, in particular arterial hypertension (AH) and coronary heart disease as one of the causes of their occurrence, researchers call the syndrome of falls, senile asthenia syndrome (SAS), depression and cognitive impairment. The listed reasons indicate the relevance of their study and the implementation of preventive measures to reduce the prevalence in conceptual terms. The aim of the study: To analyze the geriatric status in patients with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease, which will allow creating a plan for preventive measures to reduce the prevalence of geriatric syndromes in patients with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease. Materials and methods: The analysis of the literature data on the geriatric status of patients with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease published over the last decade was carried out: PubMed, Elibrary, Scopus. Results: Analysis of literature sources has shown that in the age cohort of senile persons, the prevalence of falls syndrome occurs in almost every second person, while 15-30% is in the group of 60-74 years. It has been shown that in predicting non-fatal complications with existing hypertension in geriatric patients with SAS, the pulse rate, systolic pressure, and laboratory parameters should be taken into account. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease with various geriatric syndromes in different populations of countries ranges from 0.5 to 73.0% and its frequency depends on the diagnostic method used by the researchers. Despite the heterogeneity of the available information, it is indicated that depression occurs on average in 26.8% of AH patients with geriatric syndromes. Cognitive impairments were observed in 60.0% of AH and coronary heart disease patients with geriatric syndromes, and they develop due to the fact that in patients over 65 years of age, previous drug treatment has been ineffective for many years. Conclusion: The collected data may make it possible to create a plan for preventive measures to reduce the prevalence of geriatric syndromes in patients with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease. Further research in this area will improve the quality of life of this population, which accounts for a significant proportion of hospitalizations and outpatient visits.