Features of diurnal blood pressure profile, arterial stiffness and left ventricular structure and function in patients with arterial hypertension, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Aim. Analysis of features of diurnal blood pressure profile (DBPP), arterial stiffness and left ventricular (LV) structure and function in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and impaired glucose metabolism. Materials and methods. The study included 220 patients with AH: 30 - without impaired glucose metabolism, 160 with prediabetes, and 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Prediabetes were determined by the results of an oral glucose tolerance test. 24-hour blood pressure monitoring were conducted, the main parameters of arterial stiffness and central aortic pressure (CAP) were examined using the BPLab Vasotens complex of OOO "Petr Telegin" (Russia). Echocardiography using a tissue doppler was performed on a Siemens ACUSON X 300 ultrasound device (Korea). Results. It was established that in patients with AH and impaired glucose metabolism the main parameters of DBPP, arterial stiffness, CAP and LV structure and function were comparable. In patients with AH and prediabetes were recorded increased levels of systolic and pulsatile blood pressure in the brachial artery and aorta, high mean aortic pressure within 24 hours, the level of diastolic blood pressure in the brachial artery and aorta during the night, morning rise of systolic blood pressure speed, "pressure load" mainly at night, than in patients with isolated AH. The pathological type of the "non-dipper" curve was detected 2.5 times more often in patients with type 2 DM and prediabetes than in patients with AH without impaired glucose metabolism. In patients with AH and prediabetes the pulse wave velocity, the augmentation index in the brachial artery and aorta characterizing the stiffness of the vessel wall and LV structure and function was significantly higher than in patients without impaired glucose metabolism. Concentric LV hypertrophy was registered 3.3 times more often than in patients without impaired glucose metabolism, and LV diastolic dysfunction with violation of its relaxation was revealed in 100% of cases. Conclusion. In patients with AH and prediabetes, the pathological changes in the parameters of DBPP, arterial stiffness and LV structure and function were comparable with those with AH and type 2 DM, and were more pronounced than in patients without impaired glucose metabolism.