The prognostic potential of the pulmonary function tests parameters in determining the risks of comorbid pathology development

Abstract

The aim is to study the prognostic potential of the parameters of the pulmonary function tests parameters in determining the risks of developing comorbid pathology. Material and methods. The study included 102 people, with an average age of 47 [43-52.7] years. Questionnaires, anthropometry, blood sampling for biochemical analysis, and spirometry were conducted. Cardiovascular risk (CVR) was calculated on the SCORE2 scale, stratification of the subjects by risk groups was carried out in accordance with the gradation on the scale used. Statistical processing was performed using nonparametric methods. Results. According to the calculation of the SSR on the SCORE2 scale, all the subjects were in the range of moderate (58.7 %) and high risk (41.3 %). The obtained data from the study of the respiratory function of the general sample were slightly lower in women than in men, with significant differences in the obtained FVC, FEV1, FEF2575. Depending on the presence of arterial hypertension (AH) it was found that the median values of both the actual and calculated lower limits of the norm (LLN) of spirometry indicators among people with AH were lower than those studied without hypertension. At the same time, significant differences depending on the presence of AH were revealed only in the case of LLN for FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF2575. In individuals with hypertension, the LLN-FEV1/FVC index was significantly lower than 70 %. In the group of subjects with hypertension, an inverse reliable relationship was found (p = −0.4; p < 0.001) between LLN-FEV1/FVC and the level of uricemia – a decrease in the index by 0.008 % will lead to an increase in uric acid by 1 mmol/l. A decrease in LLN-FEV1/FVC by 0.2 l and LLN-FEF2575 by 0.03 l/sec will increase the CVR on the SCORE2 scale by 1 % ((p = −0.5; p < 0.001) (p=−0.3; p=0.002), respectively). Conclusion. An assessment of the prognostic potential of the pulmonary function tests parameters in determining the risks of comorbid pathology, namely a combination of cardiovascular diseases and respiratory pathology, was carried out. A combined approach to the examination of the able-bodied population, taking into account spirometry data, will help to personify and in-depth assess the risks of developing significant diseases that affect the quality and life expectancy of the patient, his ability to work.