Features of compensation and types of moral damages in Italy

Abstract

In this article, an analysis of the norms of the current Italian legislation, which determines the grounds and procedure for compensation of moral damage, is carried out for the completeness of the regulation of social relations arising from the reasons for compensation of moral damage, as well as some problems that arise in judicial practice in the compensation of moral damage are considered. Taking this into account, the concept of moral damage was considered and its relationship with types of damage was analyzed, the procedure for applying various regulatory acts, the mechanism for regulating the compensation of moral damage, shortcomings and opportunities for improvement of this mechanism were analyzed; the available criteria for determining the amount of monetary compensation, the composition of persons who have the right to demand the protection of violated civil rights through compensation are evaluated.
 The subject of research in this article is the consideration of the causes of the emergence of the legal construction of compensation for moral damage, the study of the evolution of the mechanism of legal regulation of compensation for moral damage in Italy. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of studying the peculiarities of the regulation of the civil legal mechanism of the institution of compensation for moral damage and the need to systematize views on the understanding of the development of the mechanism of legal regulation of the institution of compensation. It is also necessary to note the importance of conducting a comparative analysis of moral damage compensation as a way of protecting civil rights. Several formulations of the concept of moral damage are named, a lot of attention is paid to the problems of defining this concept, conditions of responsibility for causing damage.
 The author notes that the experience of compensating moral damages in Italy can be useful to take into account when developing the legal regulation of Ukraine. The principle of compensation for moral damage reflects the recognition of the fact that the violation of rights can cause not only material damage, but also damage to the psychological well-being and dignity of the victim. Italian law allows persons who have suffered non- pecuniary damage to seek compensation from the person who caused such damage. Compensation for moral damage includes not only financial compensation, but also recognition of the violation of rights and public correction.
 Ukraine also has legislation regulating the compensation of moral damages, but the positive experience of Italy can be taken into account for its further improvement. For example, a possible perspective is the expansion of the categories of cases when compensation can be provided, as well as the clarification of the criteria for determining the amount of compensation. However, before implementing any changes in Ukrainian legislation, it is important to carefully study and adapt Italy's experience to the specific needs and peculiarities of Ukrainian society and the legal system. It is also necessary to ensure a high level of protection of the rights of persons who have suffered moral damage, and to ensure the implementation of compensation claims in a practical way.