FEASTS Combined with Interferometry. I. Overall Properties of Diffuse H i and Implications for Gas Accretion in Nearby Galaxies

Abstract

We present a statistical study of the properties of diffuse H i in 10 nearby galaxies, comparing the H i detected by the single-dish telescope FAST (FEASTS program) and the interferometer Very Large Array (THINGS program), respectively. The THINGS observation missed H i with a median of 23% due to the short-spacing problem of interferometry and limited sensitivity. We extract the diffuse H i by subtracting the dense H i, which is obtained from the THINGS data with a uniform flux-density threshold, from the total H i detected by FAST. Among the sample, the median diffuse-H i fraction is 34%, and more diffuse H i is found in galaxies exhibiting more prominent tidal-interaction signatures. The diffuse H i we detected seems to be distributed in disk-like layers within a typical thickness of 1 kpc, different from the more halo-like diffuse H i detected around NGC 4631 in a previous study. Most of the diffuse H i is cospatial with the dense H i and has a typical column density of 1017.7–1020.1 cm−2. The diffuse and dense H i exhibit a similar rotational motion, but the former lags by a median of 25% in at least the inner disks, and its velocity dispersions are typically twice as high. Based on a simplified estimation of circumgalactic medium properties and assuming pressure equilibrium, the volume density of diffuse H i appears to be constant within each individual galaxy, implying its role as a cooling interface. Comparing with existing models, these results are consistent with a possible link between tidal interactions, the formation of diffuse H i, and gas accretion.