Abstract
A primary drawback of solar thermal technologies, especially in a domestic setting, is that collection of thermal energy occurs when solar irradiance is abundant and there is generally little requirement for heating. Thermochemical Energy Storage (TCES) offers a means of storing thermal energy interseasonally with very little heat loss. A combination of Solar Thermal Collectors (STC) and TCES systems will allow a variety of different heating applications, such as domestic space and hot water heating as well as low temperature industrial process heat applications to be met in a low carbon way. This paper describes and assesses the feasibility of two novel technologies currently under development at Loughborough University; i) an evacuated flat plate STC and ii) composite TCES materials, coupled together into a system designed to store and supply thermal energy on demand throughout the year. The predicted performance of an evacuated flat plate STC is described. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the economic, energy and carbon saving potential of conceptual STC + TCES systems suitable for domestic use. This research uses experimental results from Differential Scanning Calorimeter tests to evaluate the total enthalpy, dehydration enthalpy and sensible component enthalpy of composite TCES materials. The experimental results along with predicted performance of STC are used within a developed model to assess key metrics of conceptual STC + TCES systems feasibility, including; charging time, payback time, cost/kWh, energy savings and CO2 savings. Preliminary results suggest the combination of these two technologies has significant potential for domestic applications.
Highlights
Half of the UK’s total energy consumption is used for heating purposes [1], with 26% of the UK’s total energy consumption used for Domestic Space Heating (DSH) and Domestic Hot Water (DHW)[1]. 88% of the energy for DSH and DHW comes directly from gas and oil with only 2% of the energy required for heating generated from renewable energy sources [1]
A combination of Solar Thermal Collectors (STC) and Thermochemical Energy Storage (TCES) systems will allow a variety of different heating applications, such as domestic space and hot water heating as well as low temperature industrial process heat applications to be met in a low carbon way
This paper describes and assesses the feasibility of two novel technologies currently under development at Loughborough University; i) an evacuated flat plate STC and ii) composite TCES materials, coupled together into a system designed to store and supply thermal energy on demand throughout the year
Summary
Half of the UK’s total energy consumption is used for heating purposes [1], with 26% of the UK’s total energy consumption used for Domestic Space Heating (DSH) and Domestic Hot Water (DHW)[1]. 88% of the energy for DSH and DHW comes directly from gas and oil with only 2% of the energy required for heating generated from renewable energy sources [1]. 88% of the energy for DSH and DHW comes directly from gas and oil with only 2% of the energy required for heating generated from renewable energy sources [1]. Thermochemical Energy Storage (TCES) stores thermal energy in reversible chemical reactions and can be used to help decarbonise the UK’s DSH and DHW by storing summer generated thermal energy for use in the winter time to meet demand. MgSO4 is an abundant, non-toxic, relatively cheap salt hydrate, with a high theoretical energy density (2.8GJ/m3 / 778kWh/m3) that can be used as a thermochemical energy storage material [2]. There has been some recent research into the potential of MgSO4 [2,3] studies have shown problematic characteristics of such material. Zeolite is an absorbent material which has the potential to be used as a standalone
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