Feasibility of electronic nose technology for discriminating between head and neck, bladder, and colon carcinomas

R M G E Van De Goor,B Kremer,K W Kross,N Leunis,E Francisca,M R A Van Hooren,A Masclee

doi:10.1007/s00405-016-4320-y

R M G E Van De Goor, B Kremer + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-016-4320-y

Copy DOI

Abstract

Electronic nose (e-nose) technology has the potential to detect cancer at an early stage and can differentiate between cancer origins. Our objective was to compare patients who had head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with patients who had colon or bladder cancer to determine the distinctive diagnostic characteristics of the e-nose. Feasibility study An e-nose device was used to collect samples of exhaled breath from patients who had HNSCC and those who had bladder or colon cancer, after which the samples were analyzed and compared. One hundred patients with HNSCC, 40 patients with bladder cancer, and 28 patients with colon cancer exhaled through an e-nose for 5 min. An artificial neural network was used for the analysis, and double cross-validation to validate the model. In differentiating HNSCC from colon cancer, a diagnostic accuracy of 81 % was found. When comparing HNSCC with bladder cancer, the diagnostic accuracy was 84 %. A diagnostic accuracy of 84 % was found between bladder cancer and colon cancer. The e-nose technique using double cross-validation is able to discriminate between HNSCC and colon cancer and between HNSCC and bladder cancer. Furthermore, the e-nose technique can distinguish colon cancer from bladder cancer.

Highlights

The leading cause of death worldwide is cancer, with about14.1 million new cases and 8.2 million deaths in 2012 [1].The number of new cases is expected to rise to 22 million within the two decades [2]
The e-nose technique using double cross-validation is able to discriminate between head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and colon cancer and between HNSCC and bladder cancer
Exhaled human breath contains hundreds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can be detected by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) on the compound level and by pattern recognition with electronic nose (e-nose) technology

Summary

Introduction

The leading cause of death worldwide is cancer, with about14.1 million new cases and 8.2 million deaths in 2012 [1].The number of new cases is expected to rise to 22 million within the two decades [2]. The leading cause of death worldwide is cancer, with about. 14.1 million new cases and 8.2 million deaths in 2012 [1]. The number of new cases is expected to rise to 22 million within the two decades [2]. Early detection and treatment can reduce the mortality rate [3]. Reliable, non-invasive, and inexpensive way to screen for cancer so that treatment might start at the earliest possible stage of the disease. Diagnosis could lead to better radical treatment, less loss of function, and a higher survival rate. Exhaled human breath contains hundreds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can be detected by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) on the compound level and by pattern recognition with electronic nose (e-nose) technology.

Objectives

Methods

Findings

Conclusion