Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the role of FDG-PET and FDG-PET / CT in the course of multimodal therapy of rectal cancer (tumor staging, radiotherapy planning and prognosis). The role of FDG-PET or FDG-PET / CT in the staging of rectal cancer has not fully elucidated yet. However, as FDG-PET can distinguish between scars and tumor tissue it is superior to CT or MRI in detecting local recurrence. For radiotherapy planning FDG-PET / CT can localize the tumor extension thus offering important additional information. This may result in sparing of the rectal sphincter. Still, the primary target volume encloses mesorectal tissues and other local lymphatics, thus the value of additional PET / CT information remains limited. First studies revealed a correlation between metabolic response to radiochemotherapy and oncological results. An early prediction of therapeutic response during the course of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy would be extremely helpful to stratify the patients.
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