FC074: Mineralocorticoid Receptor Drives Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation and Glomerular Injury During Crescentic Glomerulonephritis

Abstract

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS We have recently demonstrated that targeting specific pathways in parietal epithelial cells (PEC) can markedly alleviate experimental extracapillary glomerular injury (1). Accumulating evidence has indicated the potential contributions of aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) to the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease. MR is strongly expressed in endothelial cells, glomerular mesangial cells, podocytes and distal tubular cells. Previous studies have shown that administration of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, including spironolactone and eplerenone, has beneficial effects in various renal injury animal models, such as unilateral ureteral obstruction, ischemia-reperfusion, cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity and hypertensive renal injury. The role of the MR in extra capillary glomerulopathies is still elusive and mechanistically unclear. METHOD To investigate the cell-specific role of the MR in PEC in the course of crescentic glomerulonephritis, we generated chimeric mice specifically lacking MR (Pec Cre Nr3c2lox/lox) in PECs using an inducible Cre recombinase system. Crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) was induced using the antiglomerular basement membrane nephrotoxic serum (NTS) model. In vivo, biological parameters (albuminuria, blood urea nitrogen—BUN), glomerular injury, as well as PEC activation (CD44, CD9 and fibronectin staining) were assessed. RESULTS At baseline, Pec Cre Nr3c2wt/wt and Pec Cre Nr3c2lox/lox mice displayed no kidney morphology and function differences. When challenged using the NTS model, Pec Cre Nr3c2lox/lox mice showed less albuminuria and preserved renal function as compared to Pec Cre Nr3c2 wt/wt counterparts. Crescents were also more numerous and organized in Pec Cre Nr3c2wt/wt mice. Next, we examined whether pharmacological MR inhibition could alleviate the severity of crescentic GN. When Pec Cre Nr3c2wt/wt mice were orally given eplerenone for 14 days after the onset of the crescentic GN, they were significantly protected from renal injury and failure (decreased proteinuria, normal BUN and reduced number of crescent). Such global action was associated with less activation molecule CD44 on PECs. Thus, genetic disruption of MR in PEC as well as pharmacological inhibition using eplerenone reduced glomerular expression of CD44 and crescent formation. Furthermore, kidney biopsies of individuals diagnosed with crescentic glomerulonephritis displayed increased expression of MR in PEC and crescents. CONCLUSION Altogether, these results indicate the critical role of MR in PEC activation during crescentic glomerulonephritis along with the recently discovered CD9/EGFR/PDGFR pathway. This further supports the idea that the PEC phenotype switch is not a bystander event but plays a targetable critical active pathogenic role in crescentic GN. MR modulation using eplerenone may be a new therapeutic option for the management of such severe disease.