Abstract
The importance of microalgal lipids for the survival and growth of shrimp postlarvae has been recognized in a range of studies. Microalgae with fast growth rates and high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are considered vital to maximise production and minimise cost in shrimp larviculture. The lipid content and fatty acid composition of microalgae used in shrimp production varies substantially between the algal classes and species being used in Vietnam. This study aims to characterise microalgal lipid and fatty acid (FA) profiles and evaluate the most promising species under growth conditions that are most suitable for shrimp aquaculture. Here, we report that the highest lipid contents were obtained in the Haptophyta microalgae, Tisochrysis lutea and Isochrysis galbana, at 90.3 and 61.1 mg/g, respectively. In contrast, two of the most popular diatom species being used for shrimp larval cultivation in Vietnam, Thalassiosira pseudonana and T. weissflogii, displayed the lowest lipid contents at 16.1 mg/g. Other microalgal species examined showed lipid contents ranging from 28.6 to 55 mg/g. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5ω3) ranged from 0.6 to 29.9% across the species, with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6ω3) present at 0.01 to 11.1%; the two omega (ω)–3 long-chain (LC, ≥C20) LC-PUFA varied between the microalgae groups. Polar lipids were the main lipid class, ranging from 87.2 to 97.3% of total lipids, and triacylglycerol was detected in the range of 0.01 to 2.5%. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) increased and PUFA decreased with increasing growth temperatures. This study demonstrated the differences in the lipid contents and FA profiles across 10 microalgal species and the effect of the higher temperature growing conditions encountered in Vietnam.
Highlights
Microalgae are microscopic organisms that can be found in all kinds of terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments and are responsible for approximately half of global primary production [1,2]
It is well known that one of the most significant nutritional values of certain microalgae lies in their rich source of the long-chain (LC, ≥C20), LC-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
The lipid content obtained in the 10 microalgal species ranged from 16 to
Summary
Microalgae are microscopic organisms that can be found in all kinds of terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments and are responsible for approximately half of global primary production [1,2] They are known as a widely diverse group of primary photosynthetic microorganisms that include either eukaryotes (Rhodophytes, Chlorophytes, and Chromophytes) or prokaryotes (Cyanobacteria). Many microalgae are characterized by their fast growth, flexibility, and adaptability to various environmental conditions Being such a rich source of lipids, essential amino acids, pigments, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and other bioactive compounds in cells, microalgae can be widely applied in several industries such as human food, aqua- and livestock feed, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics [3,4,5]. The PUFA content reaches an extremely high level in some microalgal species such as Rhodomonas sp. 56–72% total fatty acids (TFA)
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