Abstract
A comprehensive study on fatty acid, phospholipid and phytosterol compositions of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) and wonderful kola (Buchholzia coriacea) seeds flour were determined using standard analytical techniques. The most concentrated fatty acid (%) was oleic acid in Artocarpus altilis seed (56.775) while linoleic acid (42.644) was the most concentrated acid in Buchholzia coriacea seeds. The increasing order of the concentrated fatty acids in Artocarpus altilis seeds were: stearic acid (4.723) < palmitic acid (11.412) < linoleic acid (25.710) < oleic acid (56.775) < while that of Buchholzia coriacea seeds were: linolenic acid (2.197) < stearic acid (6.734) < palmitic acid (11.241) < oleic acid (35.719) < linoleic acid (42.644), respectively. Arachidinic, linolenic, erucic, palmitoleic, behemic, lignoceric, arachidonic, margaric, myristic, lauric, capric, caprilic and caproic acids were present in small quantities with none of them recording up to 1.0% in both the two plant seeds. The results also showed high concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (57.071%) in Artocarpus altilis and 36.739% in Buchholzia coriacea, and values of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were 0.125 and 2.212% for the two plant seeds, respectively. The respective phospholipids composition of phosphatidylserine (204.75 mg/100g) and phosphatidylinositol (29.35 mg/100g) showed a highest concentration in Artocarpus altilis and Buchholzia coriacea while diphosphatidylglycerol was the least phospholipid with concentrations of 0.11 and 0.01 mg/100 g for both samples. The concentrations of phytosterols were of low values except in sitosterol with values of 90.81 and 31.24 mg/100 g in Artocarpus altilis and Buchholzia coriacea respectively. This study provides an informative oil profile that will serve as a basis for further chemical investigations and nutritional evaluation of the Artocarpus altilis and Buchholzia coriacea seed oils.
Highlights
Plants serves as a primary source of food, medicines, fibres, shelters and other items used in everyday life by humans with roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruit and seeds providing food for humans [1]
The results showed that oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) formed the first and second most abundant fatty acids in Artocarpus altilis whereas reverse is the case in Buchholzia coriacea
Oleic has been regarded as monounsaturated fatty acid and has been shown to decrease HDLcholesterol concentrations which affect positively cardiovascular disease risk [19]
Summary
Plants serves as a primary source of food, medicines, fibres, shelters and other items used in everyday life by humans with roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruit and seeds providing food for humans [1]. A large number of plant species are cultivated worldwide as ornamentals, living fences and firebreaks They are cultivated as soil binders, green manures, fodder for livestock, forage for honey bees, food for humans in agro forestry and reforestation (for nitrogen fixation), as pulp for paper production, fuel woods, timber, and as sources of chemicals and oils [2]. Nutritive and calorific values of seeds make them necessary in diets [4, 5] They represent a major direct source of food for man and livestock, and make a critical contribution to increased food security of subsistence farmers. Among these plant seeds are the seeds of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) and wonderful kola (Buccholzia coriacea)
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