Fatty Acid Methyl Esters From the Coral-Associated Bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa Inhibit Virulence and Biofilm Phenotypes in Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An in vitro Approach.

Karuppiah Vijay,Sathiamoorthi Thangavelu,Kavitha Thangavel,George Seghal Kiran,Ranjithkumar Dhandapani,S Divya,Joseph Selvin

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.631853

Karuppiah Vijay, Sathiamoorthi Thangavelu + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.631853

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Abstract

In an attempt to study the antibacterial, antivirulence and antibiofilm potentials of bacteria residing the tissue and surface mucus layers of the pristine corals, we screened a total of 43 distinct bacterial morphotypes from the coral Favites sp. Among the isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CBMGL12 with showed antibacterial, antivirulence and antibiofilm activity against multidrug resistant pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus (reference strain: MTCC96; community-acquired methicillin resistant strain: CA-MRSA). Extracellular products (ECP) from the coral-associated bacterium P. aeruginosa were solvent extracted, fractionated by chromatographic techniques such as silica column and HPLC-UV with concomitant bioassays guiding the fractionation of metabolites. Identification of bioactive chemical moieties was performed by FT-IR analysis, GC-MS/MS equipped with NIST library, 1H and 13C NMR spectral studies. We report the differential production of extracellular and cell-associated virulence and biofilm phenotypes in multi-drug resistant strains of S. aureus, post-treatment with the ECP containing aromatic fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) such as methyl benzoate and methyl phenyl acetate produced by a coral-associated bacterium. In conclusion, this study has identified antibacterial, antibiofilm and antivirulent FAME from the coral-associated P. aeruginosa for its ability to attenuate virulence and biofilms phenotypes in multi-drug resistant pathogenic strains of S. aureus.

Highlights

Staphylococcus aureus is remarkably a versatile microorganism that adapts tremendous interactions to its niche
The metabolite production was enhanced during nutrient limiting conditions, and a maximum was achieved after 72 h of growth at pH 7.8, 30◦C, under constant shaking at 150 rpm
The extracellularly released bioactive compounds from coral-associated bacterium P. aeruginosa were extracted with ethyl acetate after acidifying the cell-free supernatant to pH 2.0 with 1N HCl in order to facilitate the protonation of water molecules which in turn releases the active molecules into the solvent phase

Summary

Introduction

Staphylococcus aureus is remarkably a versatile microorganism that adapts tremendous interactions to its niche. It does exist on inanimate sites and animate hosts. Illness includes toxin-mediated diseases like Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS), septic shock and other focal infections include infective endocarditis, bacterial arthritis, and pneumonia (Ferry et al, 2005). This kind of versatility may be due to a range of adaptive or accessory gene systems (Cramton et al, 1999; Stewart and Costerton, 2001; Baba et al, 2002; Fux et al, 2005). It implies one has to keep track of the expression of virulence phenotypes and biofilmforming potential in several multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of S. aureus in order to explore a novel antivirulence strategy

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