Fatty Acid Derivatives Isolated from the Oil of Persea americana (Avocado) Protects against Neomycin-Induced Hair Cell Damage.

Seon Ju Park ,Hee Jae Kwak,In Seok Moon,Tamanna Yasmin,Tong Ho Kang,Youngse Oh,Youn Hee Nam,Seo Yule Jeong,Ji Heon Shim,Bin Na Hong,Do Hoon Kim,Isabel Rodríguez ,Mira Oh,Kwang Won Jeong,Kye Wan Lee,Jung Suk Lee,Seung Hyun Kim,Jun Hyung Park,Se‐Young Choung ,Yu Hwa Park

doi:10.3390/plants10010171

Abstract

Avocado oil is beneficial to human health and has been reported to have beneficial effects on sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, the compounds in avocado oil that affect SNHL have not been identified. In this study, we identified 20 compounds from avocado oil, including two new and 18 known fatty acid derivatives, using extensive spectroscopic analysis. The efficacy of the isolated compounds for improving SNHL was investigated in an ototoxic zebrafish model. The two new compounds, namely (2R,4R,6Z)-1,2,4-trihydroxynonadec-6-ene and (2R,4R)-1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadecadi-14,16-ene (compounds 1 and 2), as well as compounds 7, 9, 14, 17 and 19 showed significant improvement in damaged hair cells in toxic zebrafish. These results led to the conclusion that compounds from avocado oil as well as oil itself have a regenerative effect on damaged otic hair cells in ototoxic zebrafish.

Highlights

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a major disease that may be genetic or acquired as a consequence of disease, ototoxic drugs or chemicals, noise, or trauma, among other causes [1,2,3]
In a continuing study to identify phytochemicals that protect against auditory hair cell damage, we investigated the protective effects of compounds from avocado leaves on SNHL in vitro [5]
We previously reported the efficacy of avocado oil on sensorineural hearing loss in vitro and in vivo [2]

Summary

Introduction

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a major disease that may be genetic or acquired as a consequence of disease, ototoxic drugs or chemicals, noise, or trauma, among other causes [1,2,3]. In a continuing study to identify phytochemicals that protect against auditory hair cell damage, we investigated the protective effects of compounds from avocado leaves on SNHL in vitro [5]. We previously reported the efficacy of avocado oil on sensorineural hearing loss in vitro and in vivo [2]. The compounds in avocado oil that improve SNHL have not been identified. We aimed to isolate compounds from avocado oil and confirm their efficacy for improving hearing loss in an ototoxic zebrafish model. In a continuing project to identify phytochemicals that improve auditory hair cell function, phytochemical investigation and the biological evaluation of avocado oil led to isolation of two new compounds and 18 known fatty acid derivatives. The protecting effects of the isolated compounds against neomycin-induced hearing loss was investigated in a zebrafish model

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