Abstract
For the first time, seasonal changes in the content of total lipids (TLs) and phospholipids (PLs) were studied in fodder plants growing in Central Yakutia—a perennial cereal, smooth brome (Bromopsis inermis L.), and an annual cereal, common oat (Avena sativa L.). Both species have concentrated TLs and PLs in autumn under cold hardening. In addition, a significant increase in the content of fatty acids (FAs) of B. inermis was observed during the autumn decrease in temperature. The Yakutian horses, which fed on cereals enriched with nutrients preserved by natural cold (green cryo-fodder), accumulated significant amounts of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, the total content of which in cereals was 75% of the total FA content. We found differences in the distribution of these two FAs in different tissues of the horses. Thus, liver was rich in 18:2n-6, while muscle and adipose tissues accumulated mainly 18:3n-3. Such a distribution may indicate different roles of these FAs in the metabolism of the horses. According to FA content, meat of the Yakutian horses is a valuable dietary product.
Highlights
The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), located between 105◦32 –162◦55 E and 55◦29 –76◦46 N, occupies the territory of 3103.2 thousand km2 and lies completely in the permafrost zone in Russia
The increase in total lipids, phospholipids, and total fatty acids (FAs) that we detected in the cereals showed that these substances along with sugars, proteins, antioxidants, and carotenoids [1,31] are involved in the cold adaptation of cool-season plants in the cryolithozone of Central Yakutia
The muscle tissue of the horses we studied contained equal proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which corresponded to the minimum SFA values and the average MUFA and PUFA values available in the literature
Summary
The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), located between 105◦32 –162◦55 E and 55◦29 –76◦46 N, occupies the territory of 3103.2 thousand km and lies completely in the permafrost zone in Russia. Native plant species growing in such extreme conditions adapt to going through all the stages of ontogenesis in a shorter time period [1,2]. At different stages of ontogenesis, the ability of plants to adapt to cold hardening is not the same: the closer the plant is to the reproductive phase, the lower its ability to adapt to cold [3]. More than 2000 species of higher vascular plants grow in the permafrost zone of Yakutia, which is an unusual phenomenon [4]. Some of them play an important role as a food source for herbivores
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