Abstract
The present study evaluates the contents in bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, oil content and fatty acid composition of Capparis spinosa seeds. Samples were collected from 5 different habitats (AH: Ahar; KU: Kurdistan; U1, U2 and U3: Urmia) in Iran. The oil content in the seeds ranged from 16 to 27%. The predominant fatty acid was linoleic acid (45-50%) followed by oleic acid (30-39%), palmitic acid (2-8%) and stearic acid (2-3%). Total phenolic content (TPC) varied from 16.3 to 24.2 mg GAE/ g DW; total flavonoid content (TFC) ranged from 1.48 to 3.05 mg QE/g DW; and the antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) of the seeds was between 35 and 63%. The compounds obtained from different genotypes of C. spinosa seeds had different compositions, great antioxidant capacity and unsaturated fatty acids, and therefore could be a prospective source of natural bioactive molecules for the food and health industry.
Highlights
The caper is a perennial shrub plant and is the common name of the genus Capparis, in the family Capparidaceae
El Amri et al (2019) revealed that the oil content in C. spinosa was affected by location, and the highest oil content was observed in big seeds
To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first study on oil content and fatty acid composition combined with phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in C. spinosa seeds collected from different genotypes from Iran
Summary
The caper is a perennial shrub plant and is the common name of the genus Capparis, in the family Capparidaceae. It is distributed in the subtropical and tropical regions with 250 species (Wojdyło et al, 2019). The taxonomy of the genus in Iran has been the subject of much debate. Boissier (1867), combined Capparis parviflora and Capparis mucronifolia species in the Capparis spinosa as varieties. Zohary (1960) introduced five species with several varieties in Iran. Capparis species are mostly distributed in the south of Iran, Capparis spinosa is widely distributed in all regions of Iran
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