Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine species-associated differences in the seed proximate and fatty acid composition of three traditional oil crop species, hemp (Cannabis sativa), flax (Linum usitatissimum), and camelina (Camelina sativa), and the sowing season of camelina harvested under Lithuanian farming conditions for food use. Camelina seeds had the highest (p < 0.001) content of protein, oil, and sugar contents compared to both dehulled hemp and flax seeds. The amounts of protein and oil in camelina seeds were considerably increased by their summer cultivar, which showed higher (p < 0.001) contents of protein and oil than winter cultivars. However, the highest and lowest (p < 0.001) fiber content was found in flax seeds and camelina seeds, respectively. Camelina seeds showed considerably higher and lower (p < 0.001) proportions of total monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids, respectively, compared with hemp and flax. The summer cultivar of camelina had higher (p < 0.001) proportions of saturated (SFA) and MUFA and lower proportions of PUFA compared with winter cultivars. Hemp seeds had the highest and lowest (p < 0.001) proportions of PUFA and MUFA, respectively. The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in hemp seeds is optimal (3.79), whereas the use of flax and camelina seeds with their n-6/n-3 ratios of 0.28 and 0.48, respectively, can significantly improve this ratio in the overall diet. The properties of oil crop seeds showed that whole seeds of hemp, flax, and camelina are potentially highly beneficial to human health.
Highlights
Meat plays a crucial role in human evolution and is an important component of a healthy and balanced diet [1], and meat consumption has long been an indicator of wellbeing
As the authors have reported variations in the fatty acid composition among different cultivars and lines of oilseed crops [42,45,46], there are differences between the results obtained in the present study and the results reported by other authors
The cultivars of industrial hemp, flaxseed, and camelina grown in Lithuania produce seeds that contain amounts of protein, lipids, and fiber typical for their species
Summary
Meat plays a crucial role in human evolution and is an important component of a healthy and balanced diet [1], and meat consumption has long been an indicator of wellbeing. Plant food products from selected ancient crops contain substances with high health benefits These crops are sources usually rich in fatty acids, sterols, phenolic compounds, and dietary fiber, which have mainly shown the ability to increase satiety and obesity control and prevent other different diseases [12,13,14,15,16,17]. Research evidence [24] about anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, anti-arthritic, and other clinical effects of cannabidiol (CBD) and resumption of the opportunity to continue the cultivation of industrial hemp highly increased the interest in Cannabis sativa and its products These ancient widely distributed species of oil crops being cultivated in different countries have been studied, and the results regarding their nutritional qualities have been published [14,16,25,26,27,28,29,30]. The objective of this study was to determine species-associated differences in the seed proximate and fatty acid composition of three traditional oil crop species (Cannabis sativa, Linum usitatissimum, and Camelina sativa) and the sowing season of camelina harvested under Lithuanian farming conditions for food use
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