Abstract
Subcutaneous and perirenal fatty acid (FA) profiles were compared in steers fed a control diet (70 : 30 red clover silage (RC) : barley concentrate), a diet with sunflower seed (SS) substituted for barley, and diets with 15% or 30% wheat dried distillers’ grain with solubles (DDGS-15 and DDGS-30) substituted for RC and SS. Perirenal fat (PRF) versus subcutaneous fat (SCF) had greater proportions of total saturated FA (SFA) and branched chain FA (BCFA), and lower proportions of total and major cis -monounsaturated FA ( c -MUFA). Addition of SS to the diet did not change the proportions of total and major c -MUFA and n -6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), but led to decreases in the proportions of total and major SFA, BCFA and n -3 PUFA. Progressive substitutions with DDGS led to no further changes in the proportions of total and major SFA and n -3 PUFA, but decreased the proportions of BCFA and c 9-16:1, and increased the proportions of c 9-18:1 and n -6 PUFA. Feeding SS and DDGS-15 diets yielded the largest proportions of total and major t -18:1 ( t 11- and t 13-/ t 14-18:1) isomers in PRF and conjugated lineolic acid (CLA) isomers ( t 7, c 9- and t 9, c 11-18:2) in SCF, but responses were diminished when feeding the DDGS-30 diet. Subcutaneous fat versus PRF from steers fed SS and DGGS diets had larger proportions of non-conjugated 18:2 biohydrogenation products (i.e. atypical dienes) than the control diet. Overall, feeding SS and DDGS-15 diets raised the proportions of t 11- 18:1 in PRF and c 9, t 11-18:2 in SCF, which have potential human health benefits, but feeding DDGS-30 was less effective. Keywords: Beef, rumenic acid, vaccenic acid
Highlights
In the past two decades, links between intake of trans fatty acids (FA) and saturated FA with heart disease have led to recommendations to limit their consumption in foods, including beef (Mapiye et al, 2015; Nantapo et al, 2015; Vahmani et al, 2015)
The proportions of total saturated FA (SFA), 14:0 and 16:0 decreased (P 0.05; Table 2)
Current results may be partly linked to the influences of both rates of complete biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) to 18:0 and high proportions of 18:2n-6, which were previously reported by Shingfield et al (2013) to down-regulate Δ-9 desaturase activity in adipose tissues
Summary
In the past two decades, links between intake of trans fatty acids (FA) and saturated FA with heart disease have led to recommendations to limit their consumption in foods, including beef (Mapiye et al, 2015; Nantapo et al, 2015; Vahmani et al, 2015). Growing consumer interest in healthy diets has triggered research to enrich beef with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and biohydrogenation products (BHP), rumenic acid (cis 9, trans 11-18:2) and its precursor vaccenic acid (trans 11-18:1; Mapiye et al, 2012; 2015) which have potential human health benefits (Field et al, 2009; Dilzer et al, 2012). The composition of PUFA-BHP in beef is influenced by fat depot, with external depots (e.g. subcutaneous fat (SCF)) and internal depots (e.g. perineal fat (PRF)) with the greatest propensity to accumulate rumenic and vaccenic acids, respectively (Jiang et al, 2013; Mapiye et al, 2013b; 2014b) These differences have important health implications when one examines which depot could be incorporated into meat products such as minced beef.
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