Fatty acid and volatile organic compound profiling of avocado germplasm grown under East-Central Florida conditions

Abstract

Worldwide avocado consumption is growing due to potential health benefits. Most research has been focused on ‘Hass’, which does not perform well in Florida. Fatty acids and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were evaluated in 14 avocado genotypes grown in East-Central Florida conditions and compared to ‘Hass’. Two saturated and five unsaturated fatty acids were detected. Total oil content (TOC) was 11–25%, with 58.2–71.5% unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). ‘FL Hass’ contained 20% TOC, near the average for genotypes tested, but with a low UFA of 61.9%. ‘PA-6206’ (a ‘Hass’ x ‘Bacon’ seedling) and ‘35707’ (a ‘Catalina’ seedling) had higher TOC and UFA than other genotypes, while the mostly West Indian types such as ‘Simmonds’, ‘Day’, ‘Pflume’ and ‘Miguel’ had low TOC. Detected VOCs were acetaldehyde, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, limonene, α-cubebene, α-copaene, and β-caryophyllene. Most genotypes contained most of the VOCs. ‘Monroe’ lacked C6 aldehydes, and ‘Pflume’, ‘Bernecker-43’, ‘Lula’ and ‘35707’ lacked some or all sesquiterpenes.