Abstract
Endurance performance involves the prolonged maintenance of constant or self-regulated power/velocity or torque/force. While the impact of numerous determinants of endurance performance has been previously reviewed, the impact of fatigue on subsequent endurance performance still needs to be documented. This review aims to present the impact of fatigue induced by physical or mental exertion on subsequent endurance performance. For the purpose of this review, endurance performance refers to performance during whole-body or single-joint endurance exercise soliciting mainly the aerobic energy system. First, the impact of physical and mental exertion on force production capacity is presented, with specific emphasize on the fact that solely physical exertion and not mental exertion induces a decrease in force production capacity of the working muscles. Then, the negative impact of fatigue induced by physical exertion and mental exertion on subsequent endurance performance is highlighted based on experimental data. Perception of effort being identified as the variable altered by both prior physical exertion and mental exertion, future studies should investigate the underlying mechanisms increasing perception of effort overtime and in presence of fatigue during endurance exercise. Perception of effort should be considered not only as marker of exercise intensity, but also as a factor limiting endurance performance. Therefore, using a psychophysiological approach to explain the regulation of endurance performance would allow a better understanding of the interaction between physiological and psychological phenomena known to impact endurance performance.
Highlights
Endurance performance involves the prolonged maintenance of constant or self-regulated power/velocity (e.g., Girard et al, 2012; Jones et al, 2016; Smits et al, 2016) or torque/force (e.g., Froyd et al, 2013; Pageaux et al, 2015a; Angius et al, 2016)
- The endurance exercise lasted at least 75 s (Gastin, 2001). - Endurance performance was investigated as time to exhaustion tests, time trials or graded exercises. - As this review focuses on the impact of fatigue on subsequent endurance performance, all studies included a physiological and/or psychological manipulation check attesting of the presence of fatigue prior to endurance performance measurement
↓ maximal aerobic power (MAP) and VO2max achieved during the incremental cycling test, ↓ in time to exhaustion and W’, no change in CP ↓ in time to exhaustion, greater ↓ in knee extensors (KE) maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) following the control time to exhaustion test
Summary
Endurance performance involves the prolonged maintenance of constant or self-regulated power/velocity (e.g., Girard et al, 2012; Jones et al, 2016; Smits et al, 2016) or torque/force (e.g., Froyd et al, 2013; Pageaux et al, 2015a; Angius et al, 2016). When completion of mental exertion induces a reduction in cognitive performance and/or an increase in subjective feelings of tiredness and lack of energy, fatigue is traditionally defined as mental fatigue (Boksem and Tops, 2008). Its presence is traditionally identified by completion of questionnaires allowing the athlete/subject to report his/her feelings of fatigue, defined as tiredness and lack of energy (Boksem and Tops, 2008) This methodology has been shown to be successful in identifying presence of fatigue induced by mental exertion lasting at least 30 min (e.g., Marcora et al, 2009; Pageaux et al, 2013; Smith et al, 2016). As only fatigue induced by physical exertion and not by mental exertion impairs force production capacity (Pageaux et al, 2015b), it seems crucial to differentiate the kind of exercise inducing fatigue
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