Farmed Turkish salmon: Toxic metals and health threat

Fatih Şahin,Levent Bat,Elif Arici,Ayşah Öztekin

doi:10.21603/2308-4057-2021-2-317-323

Abstract

Introduction. Toxic metals in fish, even at low levels, have negative consequences for human health. Even essential metals pose a health threat if consumed in certain quantities. Mercury, cadmium, and lead are the most frequent metals containing in fish. The research objective was to inspect the quality of aquaculture fish found in most major grocery chains across Turkey. Study objects and methods. The present research featured the quantities of Zn, Fe, Cu, Al, Pb, Hg, and Cd in Turkish salmon. The sampling took place between February and June 2019. The cumulative carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk for consumers was evaluated based on trace element levels in a prospective health risk assessment using the U.S. EPA model of lifetime exposure. Results and discussion. Fe proved to be the most abundant element in fish fillets, followed by Zn and Cu. Other elements appeared to be far below the permissible values, namely Al ≤ 0.5, Cd ≤ 0.02, Pb, and Hg ≤ 0.05. All the trace elements detected in Turkish salmon were below the reference dose values. The percent contribution to total risk by Fe, Cu, and Zn were 34.20, 24.80, and 41.01%, respectively. The hazard index was ≤ 1. The contamination of aquaculture fish fillet proved insignificant, and the carcinogenic risk was entirely negligible. Conclusion. The research revealed no hazardous trace elements, and their cumulative effects were not indicated in the hazardous index.

Highlights

Toxic metals in fish, even at low levels, have negative consequences for human health
Risk evaluations for infants, children, and adults were conducted in order to determine the potential hazards that may arise as a result of consuming heavy metals with Turkish salmon
Fifteen Turkish salmon were purchased for trace Hazard Index (HI)= THQ (Fe) +(5T)hazard quotients (HQ) (Zelne)m+eTntHQan(aClyus)is+

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Rainbow trout from North America is one of the most profitable members of the family in Turkish freshwater farming. The current research dealt with both cancer and non-cancer hazards associated with trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Al, Pb, Hg, and Cd) in Turkish salmon. Risk evaluations for infants, children, and adults were conducted in order to determine the potential hazards that may arise as a result of consuming heavy metals with Turkish salmon. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model was used to predict the likelihood of cancer risks in the fish caused by exposure to carcinogenic trace elements: ILCR = CDI × SF (2). FIR – fish ingestion rate for adults; AT – averaging Rf. D, which indicates that the element poses a potential exposure time for non-carcinogenic effects and 70 years risk.

AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

26. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation