Abstract
Botrytis cinerea (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana) causes gray mold disease on vegetable crops in greenhouses. Profound knowledge on pathogen diversity is necessary for efficiently disease management. In this study, forty-two B. cinerea isolates collected from 36 different greenhouses in Antalya province of Turkey were investigated. Twelve SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) and 18 ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) primers producing high polymorphic fragments were used to genetic diversity of B. cinerea isolates infecting dill, basil, lettuce, bean, cucumber, tomato, pepper and eggplant. The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average analysis (UPGMA) was used to evaluate of combined ISSR and SRAP data showing a similarity range 0.15-0.90 among the isolates. Cophenetic correlation of the tree was high level (r=0.93). Interestingly, cluster analysis showed a divergent group consisting of lettuce isolates which were genetically different from the other isolates. On the other hand, transposable elements (Flipper and Boty) were detected among isolates from all the hosts. Isolates containing only the Fliper element were detected. The results showed that genetically characterized B. cinerea populations by a high level of genetic diversity were associated with genotype flow and the evolutionary potential of B. cinerea. In further studies, the newly tested molecular markers are useful and can be suggested for analyzing of genetic diversity and population structure of this pathogen on different hosts.
Highlights
Greenhouse cultivation is the most widespread style for horticultural crops with advantages worldwide (Jensen, 2002)
Ma and Michailides (2005) have investigated population sensitivity to the hydroxyanilide, fenhexamid fungicides of B. cinerea using transposable elements, DNA fingerprinting generated by microsatellite primed–polymerase chain reaction (MP-PCR), and were tested on 234 isolates collected from fig, grape, kiwifruit, pea, and squash in California
The present study has shown that Flipper type is common in all B. cinerea population obtained from greenhouses-grown vegetable in Turkey
Summary
Greenhouse cultivation is the most widespread style for horticultural crops with advantages worldwide (Jensen, 2002). Mediterranean region of Turkey is unique area in the world due to the mild winter climatic conditions for greenhouse cultivation (Tüzel and Leonardi, 2010). Diseases and pests are the most important factors limiting crop production in our country. B. cinerea (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuck eliana (de Bary) Whetzel) causing gray mold disease is a polyphagous an airborne fungal pathogen attacking over 200 crop hosts worldwide. Pathogen limits vegetable cultivation in greenhouses and its control in fields is difficult. It has different modes of attack and survives as mycelia and/or conidia form for a long time (Williamson et al, 2007). In cultivation under greenhouse conditions, there is no available resistance variety to B. cinerea, yet. Effective control using chemicals is very important (Rosslenbroich and Stuebler, 2000; Sun et al, 2010). Researchers have studied on its taxonomy and species for many years for effective disease management (Sun et al, 2010)
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