Abstract
BackgroundPreeclampsia is a complex syndrome that is considered a disorder specific to pregnancy. However, research indicates that diffuse maternal endothelial damage may persist after childbirth. On the other hand, women who had a history of pre-eclampsia are at an increased risk of vascular disease. Considering that the multifactorial nature of pre-eclampsia in a remote health setting, knowledge of risk factors of preeclampsia gives epidemiological significance specific to the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of preeclampsia among pregnant women attending perinatal service in Omo district Hospitals in southern Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted among women visiting for perinatal service in Omo District public hospitals between February to August 2018. A total of 167 cases and 352 controls were included. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were computed to examine the effect of the independent variable on preeclampsia using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 window compatible software. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsFactors that were found to have a statistically significant association with pre-eclampsia were primary relatives who had history of chronic hypertension (AOR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.06–4.21), family history of diabetes mellitus (AOR 2.35; 95% CI: 1.07–5.20), preterm gestation(AOR = 1.56, 95%CI, 1.05–2.32), and pre-conception smoking exposure (AOR = 4.16, 95%CI, 1.1–15.4).ConclusionsThe study identified the risk factors for pre-eclampsia. Early detection and timely intervention to manage pre-eclampsia, and obstetric care providers need to emphasize women at preterm gestation and a history of smoking before pregnancy.
Highlights
Preeclampsia is a complex syndrome that is considered a disorder specific to pregnancy
Research indicates that arterial stiffness indices were found to be elevated among women who had pre-eclampsia before 34 weeks compared to normotantive mothers
We found that having preterm gestation, and a history of smoking appeared to be a risk factor for pre-eclampsia
Summary
Preeclampsia is a complex syndrome that is considered a disorder specific to pregnancy. Research indicates that diffuse maternal endothelial damage may persist after childbirth. Considering that the multifactorial nature of pre-eclampsia in a remote health setting, knowledge of risk factors of preeclampsia gives epidemiological significance specific to the study area. This study aimed to identify the determinants of preeclampsia among pregnant women attending perinatal service in Omo district Hospitals in southern Ethiopia. Research indicates that arterial stiffness indices were found to be elevated among women who had pre-eclampsia before 34 weeks compared to normotantive mothers. This indicated that women who develop pre-eclampsia at earlier gestation exhibit impaired endothelial dysfunction [6, 7]. Recent update on preeclampsia indicates that multiple maternal organ dysfunction includes renal insufficiency, hepatic involvement, neurological or hematological complications, uteroplacental dysfunction, or fetal growth restriction may be resulted from severe preeclampsia [9]
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