Abstract
Background Preeclampsia occurs in up to 5% of all pregnancies, in 10% of first pregnancies, and 20–25% of women with a history of chronic hypertension. Objective This study aims to assess the determinants of preeclampsia among women attending delivery services in public hospitals of central Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods Hospital-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted. Women diagnosed with preeclampsia were cases, and women who had no preeclampsia were controls admitted to the same hospitals. A systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants for both cases and controls. The data were entered in EPI data 3.1 statistical software and, then, exported to SPSS Version 22 for cleaning and analysis. Results Family history of hypertension (AOR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.15, 5.92), family history of preeclampsia (AOR: 5.24; 95% CI: 1.85, 14.80), history of diabetes mellitus (AOR: 4.31; 95% CI: 1.66, 11.21), anemia (AOR: 3.23; 95% CI: 1.18, 8.86), history of preeclampsia on prior pregnancy (AOR: 5.55; 95% CI: 1.80, 17.10), primigravida (AOR: 5.41; 95% CI: 2.85, 10.29), drinking alcohol during pregnancy (AOR: 4.06; 95% CI: 2.20, 7.52), and vegetable intake during pregnancy (AOR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.74) were significantly associated with preeclampsia. Conclusion This study concludes that a family history of hypertension and preeclampsia; a history of diabetes mellitus and anemia; and a history of preeclampsia on prior pregnancy, primigravida, and drinking alcohol were found to be risk factors for preeclampsia. However, vegetable intake was found to be a protective factor for the development of preeclampsia.
Highlights
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive condition common to pregnancy that usually occurs after 20 weeks of gestation and affects both the mother and the fetus [1]
In the United States, from the total cost of $2.18 billion found to the health care system, $1.03 billion was in maternal health care and $1.15 billion for infants born from mothers with preeclampsia, and from this, about one-third of the total $6.4 billion short-term estimated health care costs for preeclampsia pregnancies [9]
This study showed that primigravida was found independently associated with preeclampsia development
Summary
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive condition common to pregnancy that usually occurs after 20 weeks of gestation and affects both the mother and the fetus [1]. It is one of the leading causes for the admission of pregnant women to intensive care units in the world [2]. Preeclampsia occurs in up to 5% of all pregnancies, in 10% of first pregnancies, and 20–25% of women with a history of chronic hypertension. This study concludes that a family history of hypertension and preeclampsia; a history of diabetes mellitus and anemia; and a history of preeclampsia on prior pregnancy, primigravida, and drinking alcohol were found to be risk factors for preeclampsia. Vegetable intake was found to be a protective factor for the development of preeclampsia
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