Abstract
False Positive Rifampicin Resistance among HIV Patients attending Bahati Comprehensive Care Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
Highlights
Tuberculosis is a chronic airborne and infectious disease which remains a leading cause of death in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Of the 72(93.5%) Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/RIF assay culture positive isolates subjected to drug susceptibility, results revealed 4(6.5%) and 1(10%) false rifampicin resistant cases in the non isoniazid preventive therapy and isoniazid preventive therapy arms respectively; OR=1.583[95% C.I= 0.159-15.813]; P=0.538
Of the 72 isolates subjected to drug susceptibility testing, 4(6.5%) and 1(10%); OR=1.583 [95% C.I= 0.159-15.813]; P=0.538 false positive rifampicin resistance cases were identified in the non-isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) and IPT arms respectively; with the new and retreatment patients having 5(8.8%) and 0(0%) (P=0.293); cases respectively as indicated in (Table 1)
Summary
Tuberculosis is a chronic airborne and infectious disease which remains a leading cause of death in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). In 2010, WHO endorsed Xpert MTB/RIF assay as the initial test for simultaneous diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance, rifampicin is one of the principal firstline anti-TB drugs and a potent marker for MDR-TB which plays an important role in the treatment of rifampicin sensitive tuberculosis [5]. The assay platform automatically gives results within 2 hours of testing, use of Xpert MTB/RIF assay leads to rapid diagnosis of both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance, this could reduce the morbidity, mortality and transmission of both drug susceptible and drug resistant TB [6]. Rifampicin being a surrogate marker of MDR-TB its early detection is essential for early management of cases and prevention of resistant strains transmission [8] It has important implications for both the individual’s health as well as the community. Global control of tuberculosis has been faced with challenges which include among others drug resistance and HIV; this has prompted an urgent need for timely and effective diagnosis method of both tuberculosis and drug susceptibility testing [8]
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